WILSONIAN PROGRESSIVISM AT HOME AND ABROAD Ch. 30
Election of 1912 Democrat ProgressiveRepublican “Bull Moose”
Woodrow Wilson & “New Freedoms” 1. Free enterprise 2. Break up trust; not regulate 3. Government s/b smaller not bigger 4. Banking reforms 5. Tariff reductions 6. Not a supporter of civil rights for AA/said yes during campaign 7. Idealism/Morality Segregationist 8. State of the Union 28 th Pres (D)
Pres. Wilson & Moralism 1. Morality 2. Democracy 3. International commerce 4. Christianity 5. Civilization
“Triple Wall of Privilege” Tariff: Underwood Bill 1913 16 th Amendment 1913 Banks Federal Reserve Act 1913 Trust Federal Trade Commission Act 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 1. Five member watchdog a. Investigated business violations b. Put an end to unfair business competition and practices 2. If illegal activity found, cease-and-desist order issued
Wilson’s Foreign Policy Generally, wanted to stay out of foreign affairs and imperialistic tendencies Canal Tolls Act 1912 Jones Act 1916 Haiti Sends troops in after Haitian president assassinated Dominican Republic US invades due to political turmoil and foreign debt
Yeah, baby! Thanks Wilson & Denmark!
Wilson Punks Mexico 1913 Gen. Huerta seizes power after assassination of Madero Creates mass migration to U.S. due to violence Wilson does not recognize Huerta government Wilson arms Carranza and Villa Wilson orders seizure of Port Vera Cruz after tensions increase between two countries Huerta steps down; Carranza succeeds him Villa kills Americans; Gen. JJ Pershing goes after him but due to war doesn’t capture him Pancho Villa Gen. Huerta Pres. Carranza
The MAIN Reasons for WWI 1. Militarism 2. Alliances 3. Imperialism 4. Nationalism
System of Alliances 1. Central Powers: Germany, AH, Italy* 2. Triple Entente: GB, Fr, Russia,
“The Spark” that started the war 1. Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Bosnia (6/1914) 2. Heir to Austrian throne 3. Assassin was Serbian 4. A-H declares war on Serbia
FYI - It’s on like…! 1. A-H declares war on Serbia 2. Russia defending Serbia 3. Germany declares war on Russia 4. Germany declares war on France 5. Great Britain declares war on Germany and A-H when they enter neutral Belgium 6. Who is still not in this war?
America tries to stay out of it! 1. Opposition US citizens still had family in Europe 2. Sympathy for Allies a. Britain - “motherland” b. French & Revolutionary War c. Strong business ties in Europe d. Propaganda by GB: Women/children killed and raped
Three incidents which discourage neutrality: 1. German U-Boats: a. Lusitania, Arabic, and Sussex (5/’15, 8/15, 3/’16) b. unrestricted submarine warfare by Germans (2/’17) c. Wilson starts building military
2. Zimmerman Note (4/’17)
3. Bolshevik Revolution (10/’17) a. “Bread, peace, and land!” b. Lenin overthrows gov’t that overthrew the Czar c. Wilson = “democracy throughout the world” d. Brest-Litovsk Treaty: Russia and Germany agree not to fight each other (3/’18) Win-win for each! Vladimir Lenin
3. Bolshevik Revolution (1917) e. Wilson recognizes the legitimacy of new govt not the Bolsheviks; “democracy throughout the world” f. FR, GB, & Wilson send in troops to side with small armies still against Lenin; protect RR, ports, munitions
Background info… Bolshevik Revolution (10/1917) a. Czar overthrown by small rebel group (workers, peasants, soldiers) due to high unemployment, low food supplies, etc; wanted redistribution of land b. March 1917 Provisional government “Constitutional Democrats” led by A. Kerensky; c/m/l socialist; merging dictator; bicameral govt c. New govt was not efficient; problems that overthrew Czar still existed d. Vladimir Lenin, a Bolshevik, returns to Russia from exile; “Bread, peace and land”; gaining support from the people; Sept. elections Bolshevik gain seats in the soviet (like congress) e. Oct. Lenin and Bolsheviks seize power and civil war ensues with the “Whites”- (a volunteer army/Red Guard; Russian army) wanted a return to the monarchy f. Bolsheviks win = communist party
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Election of 1916