Learning and Culture Flourish Section 8-4 pp. 262-268

Preview Questions How did medieval universities advance learning? How did “new” learning affect medieval thought? What styles of art, literature, and architecture developed in the High Middle Ages?

Medieval Universities Early Universities Evolved from cathedral schools established to train clergy members Organized like guilds Charters protected rights of members Standards for training

Medieval Universities Student Life Long hours and harsh conditions Focused on memorization Studied several liberal arts Could eventually become a “master” of the arts

Medieval Universities Women and Education Women were not allowed to attend universities, which greatly limited their opportunities Christine de Pizan: Famous author who wrote The City of Ladies about the capabilities of women Women were expected to remain at home and use their “natural gifts”

Europeans Acquire “New” Learning Spread of Learning Muslim scholars preserved “classic” works of Greece Jews in Spain translated these works into Latin, sparking a new interest in learning

Europeans Acquire “New” Learning Philosophy Christians struggled to adopt Aristotle’s teachings of truth based on reason. Scholasticism Using reason to support religious beliefs Popularized by St. Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica

Europeans Acquire “New” Learning Science and Math Scientific progress was slow because some knowledge conflicted with Church teachings Mathematic advances were adopted from Arabic culture

Europeans Acquire “New” Learning Medieval Literature New writings appeared in the vernacular, or everyday languages of ordinary people Epics told stories of heroic deeds Ex: Song of Roland and El Cid Dante’s Divine Comedy Imaginary journey into hell and purgatory Idea: Actions in this life determine fate in afterlife Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales Tale of Christians on a pilgrimage Characters represent different medieval social roles

Romanesque Cathedral in Lisbon, Portugal Architecture and Art Romanesque Style Thick Walls Semi-circular arches Towers Dark and gloomy Romanesque Cathedral in Lisbon, Portugal

Reims Cathedral in France Architecture and Art Gothic Style Higher walls Stained glass windows Tall Spires Supported by flying buttresses Intricate carvings Gargoyles Reims Cathedral in France

Flying Buttresses of Cathedral Notre Dame de Chartres

East View of Notre Dame de Paris and Its Flying Buttresses

Gargoyles outside of Notre Dame de Paris

North Rose Window Inside Notre Dame de Paris

Illuminated Manuscripts Illumination: Artistic decoration of books Illustration of the Annunciation from the Book of Hours