Arthur Miller - The Crucible “The Crucible was an act of desperation” Arthur Miller - The New Yorker 1996
Arthur Miller 1915-2005 married several times Marilyn Monroe Born in NYC father manufactured women’s coats mom - school teacher pre-eminent playwright in US
Miller - career auto parts plant read Tolstoy’s War and Peace University of Michigan wrote plays to earn money All My Sons 1st Broadway success 1947 NY Drama Critics - Best Play need for moral responsibility
Miller - works continued 1949 Death of a Salesman Willy Loman tragic hero
The Crucible 1953 response to Joseph McCarthy “Are you now or were you ever a Communist?” initial reaction most produced play
Senator Joseph McCarthy 1908 - 1957 Wisconsin 1950 - list of 205 people in State Dept. Red Scare HUAC Army-McCarthy hearings 1954 censured by Senate
The Crucible - Miller’s Thoughts “The Crucible was an act of desperation…. By 1950 when I began to think of writing about the hunt for Reds in America I was motivated in some great part by the paralysis that had set in among many liberals who, despite their discomfort with the inquisitor’s violations of civil rights, were fearful, and with good reason, of being identified as covert Communists if they should protest too strongly….”
Thematic Elements moral motivation individual and society one man’s struggle “They believed that they held in their steady hands the candle that would light the world.”
The Crucible - Characters John Proctor farmer protagonist father Flawed married to Elizabeth has affair with Abigail Williams
Elizabeth Proctor wife to John Proctor kind, but reserved mother accused of being a witch
Abigail Williams niece of Rev. Parris initiator of “witchcraft” in woods accuses many of being witches ring leader
Reverend Parris father to Betty Abigail’s uncle authority in the town likes money
Betty Parris Reverend Parris’ daughter affected by the goings on in woods
Reverend Hale from Beverly near 40 book learned earnest
Thomas and Ann Putnam prominent citizens daughter - Ruth fight with Nurses
Francis Nurse upstanding member of community land holder warring with Putnams
Rebecca Nurse midwife respected woman accused of being a witch
Giles Corey asset to both sides in trial until a point pressed to death