Classical Civilizations

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Presentation transcript:

Classical Civilizations

Cyrus the Great First King of Persia Captured Babylon in 539 BCE Reputation for Mercy Cyrus’ son: Cambysees, conquered Egypt, Darius, next ruler, conquered Indus River

Open Society Incorporated different cultures Encouraged trade throughout empire Freedom of Religion

Persian Empire: Administration Satrapy: Province in Persian Empire Satrap: Provincial Governor Royal Road: road which stretched from one end of the empire to the other

Royal Road

Persian Empire: Religion Zoroastrianism Founder: Zoroaster Holy Book: Zend Avesta God: Ahura Mazda Dual Forces: Good: Spenta Mainyu Bad: Agra Mainyu

Greece

Greece: Origins Minoans: Original Greek speaking kingdom Island of Crete

Mycenaeans Group of people from Central Asia Settled in mainland Greece

Greek Colonies

Governments City-States Athens: Direct Democracy Sparta: Absolute Monarchy

Greek Culture All city states shared same culture, language, and religion

Athens Direct Democracy: all citizens vote on all issues BUT: “Citizens” were only men who owned property Trading Economy Strong navy

Sparta Absolute Monarchy: King has complete control over the entire country Entire city-state created around being a soldier Best soldiers the world has ever seen Women had more rights Economy based on Agriculture Helots: slaves who worked the land

Persian Wars

Phalanx Greek army formation Men standing next to each other with interlocking shields with spears

Back to Persian Wars Battles: 1. Marathon 2. Thermopylae 3. Salamis

1. Marathon (August 490 BCE) Persians attack Greece Persians: 600 ships 20,000 infantry and cavalry Greece (mostly Athens) 10,000 infantry Greek Hoplites

Persian Soldiers Average Persian soldier Immortals

2. Thermopylae (480 BCE) Xerxes (next king of Persia) wanted revenge for Marathon 100-200,000 soldiers invade Greece 7,000 Greek soldiers 300 Spartans

Thermopylae today

Held off Persian Army for 7 days

Battle of Salamis Athenian citizens escape to island of Salamis Persians go after them with ships

Greece must unite Who will lead them?

Peloponnesian Wars Persians are defeated, but they will be back

Athens Vs. Sparta Delian League (Athens) Sparta and Allies Alliance between Athens and other Greek city-states Sparta and Allies Tried to unite all of Greece by military conquest

WAR!!! Athens Vs. Sparta Sparta needs help Who will assist them?

Eventually Sparta wins, but at great cost Cannot conquer Greece, lost too many soldiers Greece is peaceful but greatly weakened

Leads to new Conquest

Philip II of Macedonia Macedonia: outside kingdom that adopted Greek culture, language, and religion Philip II: Conquers all of Greece and unites them into 1 army Plans to invade Persian Empire Assassinated before being able to