Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Part I: Medical Microbiology Part II: Medical Parasitology

Medical Microbiology A-prof. Yang Haibo 杨海波 副教授 Dept. of medical Microbiology and immunology

Part 1: fundamentals of microbiology

Chapter 1 introduction

Infections agents Bacteria :prokaryote 原核生物 Bacteria :prokaryote 原核生物 Fungi: protists 原生生物 eukaryote 真核生物 Fungi: protists 原生生物 eukaryote 真核生物 Protozoa 原生动物 : protists parasites Protozoa 原生动物 : protists parasites Helminths 蠕虫 : amimal eukaryote Helminths 蠕虫 : amimal eukaryote Viruses: quite distinct Viruses: quite distinct noncellula noncellula

What is Microorganisms  Microorganisms are creatures that are not directly visible to the unaided eye, with dramatical biologic diversity.  Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae are all in this category  All with the exception of plants and animals

named Genus name given first, followed by the species name Genus name given first, followed by the species name

genus+species GenuSpecies种名属名 S.aureus金黄色葡萄球菌 N.meningitides脑膜炎奈瑟菌 E.coli大肠埃希菌

virus  The smallest in size  Noncellular  No typical cell structure  no enzymes involved in energy metabolism  Depend on living cells  Contain either RNA or DNA

bacterium  unicellular prokaryote  Have nucleoid lack of karyotheca (nuclear membrane ) and nucleolus  Contain DNA and RNA  Single strand,circular naked DNA  have cell wall  Its organelles are incomplete

bacteria  bacteria  Mycoplasma 支原体  Chlamydiae 衣原体  Rickettsia 立克次体  Spirochaeta 螺旋体  Actinomyces 放线菌

fungus  Have true nuclus, have nuclear membrane and nucleolus  Unicellular or multicelulla

Distribution of microorganisms  Air  Soil  Water  Animals  Human body

Microorganisms and Human Beings  Beneficial activities: Most microbes are of benefit to human beings, some are necessary ( nitrogen, carbon cycles, etc)  Harmful activities: A portion of microbes cause diseases and are poisonous to human, and these are really that concern us in the study of medical microbiology, etc.

Microbiology  Microbiology is the biology of microorganisms. It is a bioscience for the study of the evolution, Classification, morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology of microbes under certain definite conditions, The law of their life activities, and their interaction with human being, animals or plants as well as with natural environment.

The Importance of Microbiology  Environment  Medicine  Food  Industry  Biotechnology  Research

History of Microbiology  Experience phase 经验时期  Experimental phase 实验时期  Modern phase 现代微生物学时期

Experience phase

Experimental phase  Leeuwenhoek  Pastur  Koch  Lister

Koch’s postulates  The microbe must be found in the body in all cases of the disease  It must be isolated from a case and grown in a series of pure culture in vitro  It reproduce the disease on the inoculation of a late pure culture into a susceptible animal  The microbe must be isolated again into pure culture from such experimentally caused infection.

艾利希， 1910

Modern phase

Fei-Fan Tang

Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease  AIDS  SRAS  Hepatitis 肝炎  Gastric ulcer  Tuberculosis 结核