The Unknown surrounds us at any given moment. That is where we seek knowledge - Mother Superior Raquella Berto-Anirul The Unknown surrounds us at any given moment. That is where we seek knowledge - Mother Superior Raquella Berto-Anirul

Dislocations - Initial overview Material w/ NO dislocations is very strong Dislocations weaken a material But it cannot be deformed plastically But dislocations make plastic deformation possible

Dislocations - need to control slip Ease of disloc movement along slip planes is key to ductility Ease of disloc movement along slip planes is key to ductility Easier movement along slip planes means greater ductility Easier movement along slip planes means greater ductility Well-defined slip planes are best for easy motion flat!!

Brief description of metal crystal structures Most metals exhibit one of three very simple types of atom arrangements (crystal structures): 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) close-packed structures built up of atom layers like this Stacking of layers different for cubic or hexagonal

Most metals exhibit one of three very simple types of atom arrangements (crystal structures): 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") No close-packed layers in "bcc" Brief description of metal crystal structures

Just for fun……here are several views of the structure of a sodium silicate zeolite – a somewhat complicated crystal structure Brief description of metal crystal structures

Where are mostly densely packed planes in these three crystal structures? Where are mostly densely packed planes in these three crystal structures? 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") four Brief description of metal crystal structures

Where are mostly densely packed planes in these three crystal structures? Where are mostly densely packed planes in these three crystal structures? 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") four one Brief description of metal crystal structures

Where are mostly densely packed planes in these three crystal structures? Where are mostly densely packed planes in these three crystal structures? 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") 1.cubic close-packed (ccp) 2.hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 3."body centered cubic metal structure" ("bcc") four one six Brief description of metal crystal structures

Dislocations Slip planes are most densely packed planes in crystal structure Slip planes are most densely packed planes in crystal structure Disloc movement easier in simple crystal structures cuz slip planes well-defined

Dislocations Metals are so useful in our society because they have simple crystal structures Metals are so useful in our society because they have simple crystal structures Metals are so useful in our society because they can be plastically deformed Metals are so useful in our society because they can be plastically deformed Can be plastically deformed because dislocations can move easily Can be plastically deformed because dislocations can move easily Can move easily because the slip planes are well-defined Can move easily because the slip planes are well-defined Slip planes well-defined because metals have simple crystal structures Slip planes well-defined because metals have simple crystal structures

Dislocations Problem: as material deforms, dislocs disappear - at surface, at grain boundaries, elsewhere If dislocs disappear completely, mat'l becomes extremely strong & no longer ductile Problem: as material deforms, dislocs disappear - at surface, at grain boundaries, elsewhere If dislocs disappear completely, mat'l becomes extremely strong & no longer ductile Never happens…… Instead, more dislocs produced during deformation!! Highly deformed mat'l contains BILLIONS of dislocs Never happens…… Instead, more dislocs produced during deformation!! Highly deformed mat'l contains BILLIONS of dislocs Undeformed – 10 6 lines/cm 2 Deformed – lines/cm 2 Undeformed – 10 6 lines/cm 2 Deformed – lines/cm 2

Dislocation generators Dislocation generators at work! Internal generators act to constantly generate new dislocs during deformation Dislocation generators at work! Internal generators act to constantly generate new dislocs during deformation

Assignments for next class: 1. review today's classnotes a. dislocations responsible for plastic flow b. need well-defined slip planes c. three metal crystal structures & densely packed planes d. dislocation generators e. coat hanger effect 2. Read text: sections , 7.10 Study diagrams in sections (text has some errors here & is misleading) Assignments for next class: 1. review today's classnotes a. dislocations responsible for plastic flow b. need well-defined slip planes c. three metal crystal structures & densely packed planes d. dislocation generators e. coat hanger effect 2. Read text: sections , 7.10 Study diagrams in sections (text has some errors here & is misleading)