TAKS Objective 3 Bio (4c,d): Viruses vs. Cell structure, viral diseases; bacteria (digestion, disease)

Viruses: What they are NOT: 1. Living 2. A bacterium 3. Killed by antibiotics

VIRUSES : not strictly alive… nor is it strictly dead 1. Have DNA or RNA which allows it to make copies of itself. 2. Must be inside a living cell of some kind before the information can be used – reproduce.

TYPE: Virus FAVORITE HANGOUT: Intestine and nervous system LIKES: Moving to the brain and spinal cord, where it can cause paralysis DISLIKES: The vaccine developed in 1954 that has tamed it throughout most of the world ©Jean-Yves Sgro, University of Wisconsin Polio Other viral diseases: Common Cold, Hepatitis A & B, Influenza, Small pox

AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and it attacks the T4 cells (white blood cells) in humans

TAKS example question:

BACTERIA: the 3 basic shapes (Kingdom: Eubacteria)

All bacteria are prokaryotes NO nucleus, chromosomes, or membrane-bound organelles members of either the kingdom Archaebacteria Eubacteria.

Some bacteria are parasites. Parasitic bacteria cause many diseases. They can be killed by antibiotics. Ex. streptococcus, diphtheria Leprosy - rod-shaped bacillus Tooth plaque magnified...

HELPFUL BACTERIA: Because yogurt is cultured, it is easier to digest than regular milk. Additionally, the bacteria in yogurt produce B vitamins in the intestine. Each spoonful of yogurt can contain some 10 million live, lactic-acid-producing bacteria.

Bacteria: Health, Helpfulness & Disease TAKS example questionS:

July 2004 TAKS 11 th Grade Test

Bio (7a, b): changes in species, natural selection (fossils record, common ancestry) Natural Selection: Individuals that have physical or behavioral traits that better suit their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. Evolution: The process of change over time.

July 2004 TAKS 11 th Grade Test

Structural & Physiological Adaptations of Plants Bio (13a): structural & physiological adaptations of plants

stoma

July 2004 TAKS 11 th Grade Test epidermis xylem & phloem Hot and dry

Bio (9d): food chains, webs, energy pyramids (predator-prey relationship) Food Chain : path of energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem.

Food Web : interconnected group of food chains.

Flow of energy: arrows show flow of energy from one organism to the next.

Energy Pyramid : the flow of energy through an ecosystem - the loss of energy at each level Only passes on 10% of the energy.

July 2004 TAKS 11 th Grade Test

First level consumer Second level consumer

What would this relationship be? E. coli living in the intestine of humans Symbiosis: 2 or more species live together in a close, long-term relationship.

Symbiotic Relationships +/++/-

Predators feed on other living organisms - their prey.