The Innovations of Engineering Design

OBJECTIVES Explain the role of an engineer. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Describe the parts of the engineering design process. Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. Identify a real-world problem and brainstorm design solutions. Explain the roles of different types of engineers. Describe why models are important for testing design solutions.

SESSION 1 45 minutes Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Explain the role of an engineer. Describe the parts of the engineering design process.

TODAY YOU ARE ENGINEERS! A food manufacturer needs a ship to deliver their products overseas. To save money on fuel, the manufacturer is looking for the ship design that will safely transport the most crates of food per trip. To be considered safe, your ship must float for three minutes while loaded with the crates of food. Your job is to design and construct a ship that can safely carry the most food. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. MATERIALS AVAILABLE For you: Journal 1 “Ship Design Challenge” student resource 1 “Engineering Design Process” student resource page For your group: 1 twelve square inch pieces of aluminum foil 5-10 plastic straws Scotch tape Scissors For the class, test stations with: 5 plastic tanks half-filled with water 250 pennies 5 stopwatches

Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. ASK What is the problem? What are the criteria and the constraints? IMAGINE Brainstorm design solutions, consider the benefits and trade-offs of each to determine the best one PLAN Draw a diagram, develop the steps, gather the materials CREATE Implement the plan and test the solution REDESIGN Determine what can be done to improve the solution Repeat steps as needed to improve the design solution. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

ASK What was the problem your team was asked to solve? Were there any constraints? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

IMAGINE How many design solutions did your team think of? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

PLAN How did your team collaborate? Did you discuss the benefits and trade-offs of each of your design solution ideas before you started planning? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

CREATE How did you use the materials to construct and test your design solutions? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

REDESIGN Did your team make any changes to any of the design solutions that you constructed and tested? If so, why? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Engineers apply scientific and mathematical knowledge to solve problems. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. TRUE

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING There is only one design solution for a problem. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. FALSE

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Engineers usually come up with the best solution on the first try. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. FALSE

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Testing solutions is an important part of the engineering design process. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. TRUE

SESSION 2 45 minutes Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Describe the steps in the engineering design process. Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem.

TODAY YOU ARE ENGINEERS! A food manufacturer needs a ship to deliver their products overseas. To save money on fuel, the manufacturer is looking for the ship design that will safely transport the most crates of food per trip. To be considered safe, your ship must float for three minutes while loaded with the crates of food. Your job is to design and construct a ship that can safely carry the most food. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SketchNumber of Food Crates Number of Minutes Afloat Notes

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Describe your role as an engineer during this design challenge. Be sure to relate your actions to the engineering design process. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

SESSION 3 45 minutes Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Explain the roles of different types of engineers.

TYPES OF ENGINEERS Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. AEROSPACE MILITARY MECHANICAL GENETIC FORENSIC ENVIRONMENTAL ELECTRICAL COMPUTER CHEMICAL CIVIL BIOMEDICAL STRUCTURAL SOFTWARE REVERSE NUCLEAR INDUSTRIAL FOOD

TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT THE ROLE OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Industrial engineers find ways to eliminate wastefulness in production processes. They devise efficient ways to use workers, machines, materials, information, and energy to make a product or provide a service. Depending on their tasks, industrial engineers work both in offices and in the settings they are trying to improve. For example, when observing problems, they may watch workers assembling parts in a factory or staff carrying out their tasks in a hospital. When solving problems, they may be in an office at a computer looking at data that they or others have collected.

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER: CASE OF THE CHOBANI CUP Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. You will now read a case study that shows how engineers in the real world develop innovations to solve everyday problems. Work with your partner to read the case study. When you are finished reading, summarize what you learned about how the engineering design process was used to develop the Chobani yogurt cup.

NAME THAT ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Worked with a company to ensure that their products and services were available to customers on time. Industrial Engineer

NAME THAT ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Worked to expand a train line 16 kilometers. The expansion included stations, tunnels and bridges. Civil/Structural Engineer

NAME THAT ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Designed simulation software for health care workers to test their to help them more efficiently and effectively meet patient’s needs. Software Engineer

NAME THAT ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Evaluated running shoe designs by taking them apart to determine which one would best meet the needs of the average runner. Reverse Engineer

NAME THAT ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Developed a simulation model for a major defense contractor to test the operation of vehicles under different scenarios. Aerospace/Defense Engineer

NAME THAT ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Helped a major automotive company have more efficient bar coding system and more efficient production. Industrial Engineer

NAME THAT ENGINEER Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Worked with a truck manufacturer to design an efficient motor. Mechanical Engineer

SESSION 4 45 minutes Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Explain the role of an engineer. Describe the parts of the engineering design process. Identify a real-world problem and brainstorm design solutions.

EVERYDAY ENGINEERING GUESS THAT OBJECT! Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC

EVERYDAY ENGINEERING Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. ASK What is the problem? What are the criteria and the constraints? IMAGINE Brainstorm design solutions, consider the benefits and trade-offs of each to determine the best one PLAN Draw a diagram, develop the steps, gather the materials CREATE Implement the plan and test the solution REDESIGN Determine what can be done to improve the solution

NAME THAT DESIGN SOLUTION Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. FLEX-STRAW DESIGNED BY A GRANDFATHER AFTER WATCHING HIS GRANDAUGHTER HAVE TROUBLE DRINKING A MILKSHAKE

EVERYDAY ENGINEERING Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SippyReflo COMPARING SOLUTIONS vs.

EXTENSION Take two weeks to observe the world around you. Identify a real-world problem that you would like to solve. Brainstorm possible design solutions. Use diagrams and words to record your ideas in your journal. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

SESSION 5 45 minutes Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem.

HEAT TRANSFER Heat is a type of energy. It is measured by temperature. All substances contain heat, even a cold treat. If there is a difference in temperature in a system, heat flows from the substance with the higher temperature to the substance with the lower temperature. Insulation is used to slow unwanted temperature changes. It can be used protect against heat or to prevent heat loss. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Temperature regulation applies an understanding of the principles of heat transfer, which is relevant in almost all engineering disciplines. Electrical and computer engineers design electronics so that they do not overheat. Mechanical engineers make sure that working engines do not overheat. Packaging engineers design containers and systems to be able to ship items at specific temperatures. Temperature regulation is an important part of engineering. Civil engineers specify the most suitable insulating materials for the climates where their structures reside.

TIME TO INVESTIGATE Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Are some materials better insulators than others? After you investigate generate a list of insulators and a list of conductors. Insulators Conductors

SESSION 6 1 ½ hours Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. Describe why models are important for testing design solutions.

THE PROBLEM Each day, Maya packs a cold cup of her favorite yogurt to eat with her school lunch. By lunchtime, her yogurt is no longer cold. Maya wants a snack pack that will keep her yogurt as cold as possible. If she can keep it cold, she knows it will be safe to eat and taste great. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

Part II Identify your best design solution idea and build a prototype. Your goal is to construct a snack pack that will keep the frozen treat solid for at least twenty minutes. SNACK PACK DESIGN CHALLENGE MATERIALS For each group: A shoebox (snack pack) A plastic bag Three ice cubes (frozen treat) Newspaper/Paper Cotton balls Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Foil Plastic wrap Bubble wrap Tape Foam board Tongue depressors Packing peanuts Film canisters Straw Part I Your job is to generate possible design solutions, using the materials available, to create Maya a well-insulated snack pack. Hint: Compare the materials available to those that you identified as insulators and conductors. REFLECTION After building and testing your prototype, would you change your design solution idea for insulating Maya’s snack pack? Why or why not?

SESSION 7 45 minutes Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. Describe why models are important for testing design solutions.

IMROVING YOUR DESIGN Each day, Maya packs a cold cup of her favorite yogurt to eat with her school lunch. By lunchtime, her yogurt is no longer cold. Maya wants a snack pack that will keep her yogurt as cold as possible. If she can keep it cold she knows it will be safe to eat and taste great. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.

Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC

Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. ASK What is the problem? What are the criteria and the constraints? IMAGINE Brainstorm design solutions, consider the benefits and trade-offs of each to determine the best one PLAN Draw a diagram, develop the steps, gather the materials CREATE Implement the plan and test the solution REDESIGN Determine what can be done to improve the solution Repeat steps as needed to improve your design solution. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS