GILDED AGE POLITICS. “GILDED AGE” 1869-1900 Term coined by Mark Twain in 1873 Referred to the superficial glitter of the new wealth, but internal corruption.

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Presentation transcript:

GILDED AGE POLITICS

“GILDED AGE” Term coined by Mark Twain in 1873 Referred to the superficial glitter of the new wealth, but internal corruption Era of “Forgotten Presidents”

CAMPAIGN STRATEGY Candidates avoided taking a position on issues Close popular votes Brass bands, flags, buttons, picnics, free beer, & crowd pleasing speeches 80% of voters turned out for Presidential elections

CAMPAIGN STRATEGY Republicans  “Bloody Shirt”  Lincoln  Businessmen & middle class Protestants  Economic program of high protective tariffs Democrats  Solid South  Political Machines & immigrants  Objected to temperance  Believed in states rights

PARTY PATRONAGE Republican Party splits  Stalwarts-Roscoe Conkling  Halfbreeds-James Blaine  Mugwumps-fence sitters

ELECTION OF 1880 Republicans  James Garfield (halfbreed) & Chester Arthur (stalwart) Democrats  Winfield Hancock Union General Garfield wins

JAMES GARFIELD 1881 Chose halfbreeds for most government positions Summer 1881-shot in back by deranged office seeker Died 11 weeks later

CHESTER ARTHUR Distanced himself from party patronage Civil Service Reform  Pendleton Act-required application and exam for federal government positions  Reviewed by bipartisan Civil Service Commission  Ended patronage/spoils system Not considered for re-election

ELECTION OF 1884 Dirtiest election to that time Republican  James Blaine Questioned about honesty while serving as senator Democrat  Grover Cleveland Takes responsibility for illegitimate child Cleveland wins  Mugwumps switch  New York Catholics

GROVER CLEVELAND Interstate Commerce Act (1887)-Railroad Regulation (Ch. 26) Dawes Act-Indian Policy (Ch. 26) Major Issues- Currency & Tariff

CURRENCY Debtor, farmers, & small business owners want more money in circulation  Lower interest loans  Pay off debt  Blamed “gold standard” for restrictive economy More paper money (greenbacks) Unlimited coinage of silver coins Bankers, creditors, investors, & established business owners-hard money  Keep dollar on gold standard  No inflation

CURRENCY Greenback party  Believed paper money should not be backed by specie (gold or silver) Silver money  Bland-Allison Act-limited coinage of silver

TARIFF Main opponent-farmers  Couldn’t sell goods overseas Main proponent-industrialists  Foreign goods expensive, so people bought American goods

ELECTION OF 1888 Major issue-tariff Democrats  Grover Cleveland Low tariff Republicans  Benjamin Harrison High tariff  Big Business support Harrison wins  Cleveland received majority of popular vote

BENJAMIN HARRISON Republican control of Congress Passed first billion dollar budget  1. McKinley Tariff-raised tax to 48%  2. Increased pensions to Civil War veterans  3. Sherman Antitrust Act- outlawed monopolies (Ch. 24)  4. Sherman Silver Purchase Act-increased coinage of silver-not enough to satisfy farmers

ELECTION OF 1892 Republicans  Benjamin Harrison Democrats  Grover Cleveland Populists  New 3 rd party of farmers (Ch. 26)  James Weaver  22 electoral votes-most of any third party candidate Cleveland Wins  Mostly due to unpopular tariff  Only president to serve two terms non-consecutively

GROVER CLEVELAND Panic of 1893  Stock market crashed  A lot of foreclosures  20% unemployment  Silver prices fell  Coxey’s Army

GROVER CLEVELAND  Cleveland repeals Sherman Silver Purchase Act  Borrows money from JP Morgan to save economy Big Business now rules Washington DC  Wilson-Gorman Tariff Reduction in tariff rate 2% income tax on wealthy Supreme Court declares Unconstitutional