During which month does the Sun appear to rise the highest in the sky for an observer in New York State? (1) December (3) June (2) September (4) March High angle of insolation = more energy = summer

Very cold climates occur at Earth’s North and South Poles because the polar regions High latitude = low angle of insolation = less energy (1) are usually farthest from the Sun (2) absorb the greatest amount of insolation (3) receive the most hours of daylight (4) receive low-angle insolation

SEASONS Earth REVOLVES around the sun.

How do day & night change during the year?

How do day & night change during the year?

EQUINOX N Axis of rotation INSOLATION Equator S

WINTER N S eq

SUMMER N S eq

In New York State, summer is warmer than winter because in summer New York has (1) fewer hours of daylight and receives low angle insolation (2) fewer hours of daylight and receives high angle (3) more hours of daylight and receives low-angle (4) more hours of daylight and receives high angle insolation

from above the North Pole. The diagram shows a model of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s position at the beginning of each season. In which orbital position would Earth be illuminated as shown? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D Viewed from above the North Pole.

SPRING WINTER SUMMER AUTUMN The diagram shows the position of the Earth during a single revolution around the sun as viewed from above the north pole. Letters A – H represent positions. SPRING WINTER SUMMER AUTUMN Label (using the letters) the beginning of each northern hemisphere season.

Equi = Equal nox = night Sun at zenith over Equator Sol = Sun stice = standing Sun at zenith over a Tropic

How does the sun appear to change over these 6 months?

23.5o toward Sun June 0o tilt March / September 23.5o away from Sun December Earth’s 23.5o tilt means over the course of the year the sun’s angle changes by 47o. (23.5 + 23.5 = 47!)

(1) 15° higher in the sky (3) 42° higher in the sky June 21 The diagram shows the altitude of the Sun at solar noon on March 21, as seen by an observer at 42° N latitude. Compared to the altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on March 21, the altitude of the Sun observed at solar noon on June 21 will be 23.5o Dec 22 23.5o (1) 15° higher in the sky (3) 42° higher in the sky (2) 23.5° higher in the sky 4) 48° higher in the sky

How do seasons look s t r e t c h e d out on a map?

Which season is it in White Plains, NY? X Which season is it in White Plains, NY?

How do WE see the path of the sun?

On which day are sunrise and sunset exactly East to West? The diagram shows the apparent daily path of the Sun, as viewed by an observer at a certain latitude on three different days of the year. On which day are sunrise and sunset exactly East to West? (1) Dec. 21 (3) June 21 (2) March 21 (4) It was the same on all days On which day is sunrise the farthest North of East? (1) Dec. 21 (3) June 21 (2) March 21 (4) It was the same on all days

to indicate the location of the shadow of the “Observer in Buffalo”. On the same sky model diagram place a at the apparent position of the North Star as seen from Buffalo. With your sun at 3 PM on March 21, use a line to indicate the location of the shadow of the “Observer in Buffalo”. On the path labeled March 21 Indicate the location of the Sun at 3PM Draw a line to represent the apparent path of the Sun from sunrise to sunset at Buffalo on May 21.

C—December 21 C—December 21 (2) A—December 21 (4) A—June 21 A student in New York State looked toward the eastern horizon to observe sunrise at three different times during the year. The student drew the following diagram that shows the positions of sunrise, A, B, and C, during this one-year period. Which list correctly pairs the location of sunrise to the day of the year? (1) A—June 21 (3) A—March 21 B—March 21 B—June 21 C—December 21 C—December 21 (2) A—December 21 (4) A—June 21 B—March 21 B—December 21 C—June 21 C—March 21

Which diagram represents the approximate location of the Sun at 9 a. m Which diagram represents the approximate location of the Sun at 9 a.m. on March 21?

At which position would sunrise occur on March 21? (1) A (3) C The diagram represents a horizon in New York State. Four positions of sunrise: A, B, C, and D, on different days of the year are shown At which position would sunrise occur on March 21? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D At which position would sunrise occur on June 21? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D

According to this September 23rd diagram, What is the Sun’s altitude at solar noon? (1) 23.5° (3) 48° (2) 42° (4) 90° What is the Sun’s expected altitude at solar noon on June 22nd? (1) 23.5° (3) 71.5° (2) 48° (4) 88.5° +23.5°! What is the approximate latitude of the observer? (1) 23.5° N (2) 42° N (3) 48° N (4) 90° N

In New York State, summer is warmer than winter because in summer New York has (1) fewer hours of daylight and receives low angle insolation (2) fewer hours of daylight and receives high angle (3) more hours of daylight and receives low-angle (4) more hours of daylight and receives high angle insolation