Presentation on Ireland

Where is it? A small island on the edge of Europe A small island on the edge of Europe Our next door neighbour is the Island of Britain Our next door neighbour is the Island of Britain America is on the other side of us to the west America is on the other side of us to the west

The West Coast West coast is in the west of Ireland West coast is in the west of Ireland

Ennis (Home Town) Monastery Town (1240) Monastery Town (1240)

Dublin Dublin is the capital city of Ireland Dublin is the capital city of Ireland Vikings founded Dublin (Dubhlin) Vikings founded Dublin (Dubhlin)

Irish Culture National Holiday- St. Patrick’s Day National Holiday- St. Patrick’s Day March 17 th March 17 th National Dish- Potatoes “Mashed Spuds, boiled spuds, roasted spuds, spuds with skins.” National Dish- Potatoes “Mashed Spuds, boiled spuds, roasted spuds, spuds with skins.” National Dance- Irish Dancing National Dance- Irish Dancing

Irish Culture National Drink National Drink -Guinness -Guinness -Tea -Tea National Sports National Sports -Hurling -Hurling -Gaelic Football -Gaelic Football

Irish Language Gaelic Gaelic Dia dhuit = Hello Dia dhuit = Hello Conas tá tú? = How are you Conas tá tú? = How are you Ta a lan craic isteach sa teach tabhairne Ta a lan craic isteach sa teach tabhairne = There’s a lot of craic in the pub Spoken fluently in Gealtachs 10% of the country Spoken fluently in Gealtachs 10% of the country Making a come back recently Making a come back recently

Sport Hurling and gaelic football Hurling and gaelic football Same game played with different balls Same game played with different balls Mainly played in the summer Mainly played in the summer Non professional sport Non professional sport Croke park is our main stadium (80000 capacity) Croke park is our main stadium (80000 capacity) Soccer and rugby our next biggest sports Soccer and rugby our next biggest sports

Irish Music Traditional Played at ceile’s and pubs, generally in groups of musicins Ceili – Dancing sessions where for Irish music and Irish dance Instruments The Bodhrán – made from animal skin and is like a drum Whistles and flutes – Tin whistle is mainly played Uilleann Bagpipes - uilleann pipes are not blown with the mouth; air is pumped into the bag by means of an elbow bellows. Also, uilleann pipes are not as loud.

Rock U2 – Very successful Irish rock band joshua tree, All that you cant leave behind Thin Lizzy – Dublin band from 70’s and 80’s R Rory Gallaher – Blues Rock, great guitar player The Coors

A Brief History of Ireland The Coming of Christiany led by the patron saint of Ireland St. Patrick The Coming of Christiany led by the patron saint of Ireland St. Patrick Viking raiders frequently attack Ireland Viking raiders frequently attack Ireland Anglo-Norman invasion occurs Anglo-Norman invasion occurs English Rule English Rule

Henry VIII Henry VIII Queen Elizabeth and Ulster rebelion Queen Elizabeth and Ulster rebelion Catholic schools outlawed Catholic schools outlawed Greater divide between Catholic and Protestant Greater divide between Catholic and Protestant Denied a vote Denied a vote

A Brief History of Ireland The Great Famine The Great Famine The War of Independence and Partition of the country The War of Independence and Partition of the country The Irish Civil War The Irish Civil War Northern Ireland ruled from Belfast, Republic ruled from Dublin Northern Ireland ruled from Belfast, Republic ruled from Dublin

A Brief History of Ireland Beginning of “The Troubles”, Northern Ireland governed from London Beginning of “The Troubles”, Northern Ireland governed from London The First Ceasefires and the Peace Process The First Ceasefires and the Peace Process The Second Ceasefires and the Good Friday Agreement The Second Ceasefires and the Good Friday Agreement

“Pre” Celtic Tiger Ireland 1970s: Per capita income, 64% EU Average 1970s: Per capita income, 64% EU Average 1986: Unemployment 17% (21/30 yrs) 1986: Unemployment 17% (21/30 yrs) 1989: Out migration 40, : Out migration 40,000 National Debt 127% of GDP National Debt 127% of GDP Soaring Inflation Soaring Inflation IMF Bailout? IMF Bailout?

Celtic Tiger Ireland Fasting growing economy in OECD & EU Fasting growing economy in OECD & EU Over 1,200 foreign companies Over 1,200 foreign companies Burgeoning high-tech industries Burgeoning high-tech industries Full employment Full employment Net Inward Immigration Net Inward Immigration Fiscally Healthy Fiscally Healthy

Some Comparisons Between Ireland and Estonia IrelandEstonia Population4,000,0001,340,000 Migration Rate 5/ /1000 GDPUS$116.2bn US$17.35bn GDP Composition Agriculture 5% Industry 46% Services 49% Agriculture 4.9 Industry 30.3% Services 64.8% GDP per capita US$29,600US$12,300 Economic growth 2004, %, 4.5% 6.2%, 5.6% Inflation rate 3.5%1.3%

Some Comparisons Between Ireland and Estonia IrelandEstonia Foreign Direct Investment 2001,2002 US$9.7bn, US%24.4 (2 nd only to Hong Kong) US$0.3, US$0.5 Labour Force by occupation Agriculture 8% Industry 29% Services 64% Agriculture 11% Industry 20% Services 69% Unemployment4.7%10.1% Export Partners US 20.5%, UK 18.1%, Belgium 12.6%, Germany 8.3%, France 6.1%, Netherlands 5.1%, Italy 4.6% Finland 21.9%, Sweden 12.5%, Russia 11.4%, Germany 8.4%

1964: IDA - “Yanks Please Come Over” 1964: IDA - “Yanks Please Come Over” 1960s: Some Improvement 350 Firms, Stagnant Employment 1960s: Some Improvement 350 Firms, Stagnant Employment 1973: EU Membership, Market 400 million 1973: EU Membership, Market 400 million Wave 1: Hardware/Electronics and Pharmaceuticals Wave 1: Hardware/Electronics and Pharmaceuticals Subassembly plants, vulnerable approach Subassembly plants, vulnerable approach Corporate Tax 10%, 20 yr guarantee Corporate Tax 10%, 20 yr guarantee 1980s Overhaul of Telecommunications 1980s Overhaul of Telecommunications Origins of the Celtic Tiger Economic Policies

Origins of the Celtic Tiger Education Policies Favorable Demography (42% <25yrs) Favorable Demography (42% <25yrs) Increased Expenditure at all Levels Increased Expenditure at all Levels Expenditure of EU funds Expenditure of EU funds Free Third Level Education Free Third Level Education

Vocational Emphasis Vocational Emphasis RTC & 2 Universities – Links to local industry RTC & 2 Universities – Links to local industry Responsive to Industry Needs - Focus on Science, Technology, Languages Responsive to Industry Needs - Focus on Science, Technology, Languages Origins of the Celtic Tiger Education Policies

3rd Highest OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development)Share of Population with 3 rd Level Degree (after Canada & US) 3rd Highest OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development)Share of Population with 3 rd Level Degree (after Canada & US) 30% of New Degrees in Science & Engineering 30% of New Degrees in Science & Engineering 34,000 grads/yr, over 30% in Eng/Tech. 6/10 in science, engineering or business. 34,000 grads/yr, over 30% in Eng/Tech. 6/10 in science, engineering or business.

Since 1992, 16% increase in Science, 35% in Eng/tech, 16% Business to 1996: 44%, 27%, 72% increase in graduates with computer degree, cert, dip. Big increase in Science & Technology employment Origins of the Celtic Tiger Education Policies

Origins of the Celtic Tiger Other Factors EU Structural Funding to improve road infrastructure EU Structural Funding to improve road infrastructure English speaking population English speaking population Geographically positioned as bridge between US and Europe Geographically positioned as bridge between US and Europe Social partnership- cooperation between government social groups and trade unions. Social partnership- cooperation between government social groups and trade unions.

Possible Barriers to Continued Success Sustainability: Over Dependence on Multinational Corporations? Sustainability: Over Dependence on Multinational Corporations? Erosion of National Competitive Advantage Erosion of National Competitive Advantage Loss of Tier 1 EU Status Loss of Tier 1 EU Status Low levels of R&D, Innovation, Patents Low levels of R&D, Innovation, Patents Multitude of Middle Skilled Workers Multitude of Middle Skilled Workers

Need to continually move up the Value-Add Chain Need to continually move up the Value-Add Chain Labor Shortage Labor Shortage Downside Downside High Cost of Living, Congestion, Infrastructure High Cost of Living, Congestion, Infrastructure Rising Tide? Can we keep our head above water Rising Tide? Can we keep our head above water Possible Barriers to Continued Success

Esaulova Angelina Khrucheva Viktoria