Think Foot-and-Mouth Disease when you see… Texas A&M University Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Jeffrey Musser DVM, PhD, DABVP Jeffrey Musser DVM, PhD, DABVP Suzanne Burnham, DVM Suzanne Burnham, DVM

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Blisters and Excess Salivation

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Click image to start movie

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Think Foot-and-Mouth Disease when you see…

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Think foot-and-mouth disease when you see cattle with excessive salivation

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Image courtesy of Dr Tom McKenna

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Foot-and-mouth Disease P T Hooper

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-mouth Disease FAO

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Lesions in cattle

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Blisters on the tongue Day One

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Blisters on the tongue Blister on bovine tongue

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Blisters become erosions Day Four Salivation increases as vesicles form and rupture. Symptoms increase in intensity.

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Blisters become erosions Day Four Salivation increases as vesicles form and rupture. Symptoms increase in intensity. Day Six

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Days 8-14 Animals may recover in 2 weeks. Only 1-5% die from FMD

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Think Foot-and-Mouth Disease when you see lame cattle – look for blisters between the toes

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lameness Coronary band lesion first appears blanched Blisters and erosions form between the digits Stamping and shaking of feet Trembling

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Clinical Signs in Cattle Feet Inter-digital space Coronary band Teats Blisters form on: Mouth Tongue Dental pad Gums Soft palate Muzzle Nostrils

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Clinical Signs in Cattle Clinical Signs in Cattle Rarely fatal except in young animals Young calves may die without showing any clinical signs

Foot-and-Mouth Disease In young animals there is focal necrosis of cardiac muscle. “Tiger heart” of cardiac muscle. “Tiger heart” 50-80% young infected animals die USDAUSDA

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Extra-epithelial replication limited to myocardium, immature animals only USDA

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Recovery Phase Recovered animals are permanently unthrifty

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Recovery

Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Swine Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Swine

Foot-and-Mouth Disease In Swine

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Pigs –Reluctance to move, painful toes

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Pigs –Reluctance to move

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in Swine

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in Swine

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in Swine

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Lesions in Swine

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in Swine Lesions in Swine Blisters on teats and udders

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in Swine Lesions in Swine Mastitis

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Clinical Signs in Sheep and Goats not When sheep or goats become infected with FMD, the disease may not be diagnosed for a considerable time because the clinical signs may be very mild.

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Lame sheep

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Signs in Sheep and Goats

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Signs in Sheep and Goats

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-mouth Disease in sheep Lameness

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-mouth Disease in Sheep

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in Sheep

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in sheep

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in sheep

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in giraffe

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Lesions in elephants

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Bibliography Committee on Foreign Animal Diseases of the United States Animal Heath Association, “Foreign Animal Diseases” 1992, Ch. Vesicular Diseases, p W. A. Geering, et.al, Exotic Diseases of Animals: a field guide for Australian veterinarians, 1995, Ch Foot-and-mouth disease, p Ninth Edition of Merck Veterinary Manual M. Van Vuuren, Foot-and-mouth Disease, an Overview, University of Pretoria 2005, Presentation given at Knoxville, Tenn. FEAD course. Thomson, G. R. and Bastos, A. D. S. “Foot-and-mouth disease” Ch 125 of Infectious Diseases of Livestock, Volume 2. Ed. J. A. W. Coetzer and R. C. Tustin. Oxford University Press, second edition, 2004,

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Bibliography Tomasula, P.M. and R.P. Konstance. “The Survival of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Raw and Pasteurized Milk and Milk Products”. Journal of Dairy Science, 2004; 87: Callis, J.J. et al. “Foot-and-mouth Disease – A Review”. JAVMA, 1968; 153:12, Musser, J.M.B. “A practitioner’s primer on foot-and-mouth disease”. JAVMA, 2004; 224:8, Alexandersen, S., et al. “The Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Foot-and- Mouth Disease”. J. Comp. Path. 2003; 129:1-36. O.I.E. USDA, APHIS, VS, The Grey Book. And associated websites. Personal interviews with Dr Logan, Dr McKenna, Dr Coetzer, Dr VanVuuren and Dr Waldrup

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Foot-and-mouth Disease Acknowledgements Special thanks to Linda Logan, DVM PhD Ken Waldrup, DVM PhD Robin Sewell, DVM Kelsey Pohler- Research Assistant Tom McKenna, DVM PhD Corrie Brown, DVM PhD