Val Noronha University of California, Santa Barbara Transportation Centerlines: Case Studies from California and Iowa
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #2 © University of California. All rights reserved. Structure U.S. DOT — NASA Partnership Transportation Legislation “TEA-21” EnvironmentFlowsHazardsInfrastructure 4 universities 4 TAPs
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #3 © University of California. All rights reserved. Outline What is a centerline? Applications, requirements, status Survey Methods Remote sensing: eyeball, analytical GPS: high-end, low-end Photogrammetry Tomorrow’s precision standards
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N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #6 © University of California. All rights reserved. The Grapevine Northbound and southbound carriageways of I-5 switch places for 6 km along the San Andreas Fault
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #7 © University of California. All rights reserved.
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #8 © University of California. All rights reserved. Where is the Gore point?
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #9 © University of California. All rights reserved. Centerline Applications Who’s paying?
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #12 © University of California. All rights reserved. Centerline databases — families Producers Users ITS State, local DOT USGS 1:24K State, local Engineering Design CAD Mapquest TIGER GDT Navtech CVO/Logistics RS
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #13 © University of California. All rights reserved. Facets of centerline data Existence: omission/commission Geometric accuracy (2-D) Linear accuracy Attributes name and address range, speed limit lane width, shoulder width … Topology Data model
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N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #27 © University of California. All rights reserved. Name Discrepancies
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #28 © University of California. All rights reserved. Solutions—Geometry Remote sensing GPS high-end dedicated multiple vehicles? Photogrammetry Mosaic engineering drawings
R E M O T E S E N S I N G
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #31 © University of California. All rights reserved. Hyperspectral process 1 MESMA (Dar) Q-treeVectorize Additional steps: clean, conflate
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #32 © University of California. All rights reserved. MESMA (Dar) Thinning, Filters Comparison Additional steps: clean, conflate Hyperspectral process 2
T H E G P S C H A L L E N G E
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #34 © University of California. All rights reserved. High end (“SOP”) GPS ARAN Output: GPS every 10 m — not topological centerlines Cost: x 10 4 (service) Roadware Inc
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #35 © University of California. All rights reserved.
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #36 © University of California. All rights reserved. ARAN output
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #37 © University of California. All rights reserved. Problems w/ Dedicated GPS Need to get it right the first time Verification? IMU helps ($$$)
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #38 © University of California. All rights reserved. The Consumer-GPS Challenge
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #39 © University of California. All rights reserved. GPS Results — lane resolution
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #40 © University of California. All rights reserved. The one to beat … $150 at Staples Convenience Price
T H E G R E A T G P S - L I N E A R COMPATIBILITY C H A L L E N G E ?
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #42 © University of California. All rights reserved. LX for professionals DMI: accurate to 1 m Linear referencing: “US101 — 20.25”
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #43 © University of California. All rights reserved. A 7075 C 7472 E 7330 DMI 7477 GPS 7446
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #44 © University of California. All rights reserved. A Myth about Linear vs 2D Distance over the hill is greater: need to correct for elevation Difference = 0.25% (on a 7% grade)
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #45 © University of California. All rights reserved. What Really Happens on the Hill Inaccurate (x,y) geometry shortchanges length up to 20%
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #46 © University of California. All rights reserved. Linear Accuracy Tests — Setting
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #47 © University of California. All rights reserved. Linear Accuracy Tests — Setting ~10 km road, rises 800m, average 8% grade Numerous hairpins Some dense tree canopy and partial GPS occlusion Remote sensing would have difficulty with this
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #48 © University of California. All rights reserved. Linear Accuracy Test — Results $150-GPS length close to DMI uphill: 1 ~ 1.5% downhill: 0.5% Uphill/downhill difference Simulated: opposing lane geometry: % GPS: 0.2% (higher downhill speed?) DMI: 1.5% (affected by engine rev?) Conclusion (provisional, more study needed) GPS just as accurate (±0.5%), more consistent
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #49 © University of California. All rights reserved.
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #50 © University of California. All rights reserved. Will GPS replace LR?
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #51 © University of California. All rights reserved. Big Picture
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #52 © University of California. All rights reserved. Manual Softcopy
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #53 © University of California. All rights reserved. UNETRANS
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #55 © University of California. All rights reserved. The Future ITS lane departure warning autonomous control and platooning Sub-decimeter accuracy Millions of sensors
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #56 © University of California. All rights reserved. Tomorrow’s Centerlines Car navigation system automatically updates local map while you gas up
N C R S T RSPA/FDOT #57 © University of California. All rights reserved. Conclusions No single solution to all requirements Showing promise Remote sensing GPS Photogrammetry Attribution, conflation, modeling … and data exchange
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