Java Web Application Framework (WAF) Melek OKTAY

Outline □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Conclusion

Outline □ Introduction □What is Framework □What is WAF □Java Web Aplication Framework □Conclusion

What is Framework? □Introduction □ What is Framework □What is WAF □Java Web Aplication Framework □Conclusion

What is Framework? □In information systems environment, a framework is a defined support structure in which other software applications can be organized and developed. □A software framework is a reusable design and building blocks for a software system and/or subsystem

What is Framework? (cont.) □In an object-oriented environment, a framework consists of abstract and concrete classes. Instantiation of such a framework consists of composing and subclassing the existing classes □Software frameworks rely on the Hollywood Principle: "Don’t call us, we’ll call you."

What is Framework? (cont.)

Why we use Framework? □The software frameworks significantly reduce the amount of time, effort, and resources required to develop and maintain applications.

What is Framework? □Introduction □What is Framework □ What is WAF □Java Web Aplication Framework □Conclusion

What is WAF? □A Web Application Framework (WAF) is a reusable, skeletal, semi-complete modular platform that can be specialized to produce custom web applications, which commonly serve the web browsers via the Http's protocol. □WAF usually implements the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern, typically in the Model 2 architecture to develop request-response web- based applications on the Java EE and.Net models.

What is WAF? (cont.) □Model 1 Architecture

What is WAF? (cont.) □Model 2 Architecture

Model-View-Controller

Why we use WAF? □Virtually all web applications have a common set of basic requirements, such as user management e.g., secure user login, password recovery ), group management, and access authorization. □A Web Application Framework usually includes all these functionalities, refined through hundreds of production deployments, freeing developers to focus on the needs of their specific application.

Why we use WAF? □WAFs store important data in a relational database and they interact with users via a web-based user interface. □Any application written on top of a Web Application Framework can transparently and immediately take advantage of these basic services.

□Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Conclusion

Java Web Aplication Framework □Introduction □ Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Request-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □ Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Request-based Framework □A Request-based Framework is very close to the original CGI specification. □It uses controllers and actions that directly handle incoming requests. □Each request is essentially stateless.

Request-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Struts □WebWork □Beehive, Stripes □Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Request-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □ Struts □WebWork □Beehive, Stripes □Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Struts □Struts was originally developed by Craig McClanahan and donated to the Apache Foundation in May □Struts has been a de facto framework with a strong and vibrant user community.

Struts (cont.) □Struts uses and extends the Java Servlet API to adopt the "Model 2" approach, a variation of the classic Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern.

Struts (cont.) MVC Design pattern

Struts Tag Libraries □HTML Tags □Bean Tags □Logic Tags □Template Tags □Custom Tags

Struts HTML Tags □The tags in the Struts HTML library form a bridge between a JSP view and the other components of a Web application. □Since a dynamic Web application often depends on gathering data from a user, input forms play an important role in the Struts framework

Struts HTML Tags □ HTML "form" tags □button □cancel □checkboxes □file □hidden □image □multibox □password input fields □radio buttons □reset buttons □ HTML "form" tags □select lists with embedded □option □options □submit buttons □text input fields □textareas

Project Refinery, Inc. 28 HTML Tags – Typical HTML Form □ □ First Name □ □ Street Address □ □ City □ □ State □ □ Postal Code □

Project Refinery, Inc. 29 HTML Tags – Typical Struts Form □

Project Refinery, Inc. 30 Application Set-up Jar files Tag libraries Struts-config dtd Application.properties Apache vhost file Web.xml Struts-config.xml

Project Refinery, Inc. 31 Some Struts Sites: Travel

Project Refinery, Inc. 32 Some Struts Sites: Government

Project Refinery, Inc. 33 Conservatives and Liberals Use It

WebWork □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Struts □ WebWork □Beehive, Stripes □Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

WebWork □WebWork was originally developed by Rickard Oberg in 2001, and released as an open source project on SourceForge in March □WebWork provides robust support for building reusable UI templates, such as form controls, UI themes, internationalization, dynamic form parameter mapping to JavaBeans, and robust client and server side validation.

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □ Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Component-based Framework □A Component-based Framework abstracts the internals of the request handling and encapsulates the logic into reusable components, often independent from the web medium □The state is automatically handled by the framework, based on the data that is present in each component instance. □Together with some form of event handling, this development model is very similar to the features offered by desktop GUI toolkits.

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □JSF □Tapestry □Wicket □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □ Jave Server Faces (JSF) □Tapestry □Wicket □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Jave Server Faces (JSF) □JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a server-side user interface component framework for Java-based Web applications. □JSF contains an API for representing UI components and managing their state ; handling events, server- side validation, and data conversion ; defining page navigation ; supporting internationalization and accessibility ; and providing extensibility for all these features

JSF Solutions  UI components  State management  Event handling  Input validation  Page navigation  Internationalization and accessibility.  Custom tag library

JSF Life Cycle

UI Components (Standard) Some of the standard JavaServer Faces Components

UI Components (Custom) Some custom JavaServer Faces Components

UI Components (Open Source) Some open source JavaServer Faces Components

UI Components (Third Party) Some third-party JavaServer Faces Components

UI Components (Code) Syntax for a text box component: Syntax for a calendar component: Syntax for a bean backed calendar component:

State Management □JSF maintains the state of components over several requests. □Example 1 □Example 2 □Code: □None Required

Event Handling □Method Bindings □Value Change Listeners □Command Actions □Action Listeners

Input Validation □Standard Validators □ □ f:validateDoubleRange □ f:validateLongRange □ f:validateLength □Custom Validators

Input Validation - Errors □Validation Errors □

Input Validation - Converters □Standard Converters □ □ f:convertNumber □ f:convertDateTime □Custom Converters □

Page Navigation □Struts-like config file navigation /index.jsp Success /thankyou.jsp Error /error.jsp

Internationalization and accessibility □Components and Converters support multiple locales □Resource Bundle Support □ □Define supported locales resources en fr es

Custom tag library □You have already seen it □html-basic.tld □jsf-core.tld

Gotchas  Deployment  Embedding HTML  Components and Renderers  Validation  Bundle Keys “x.y.z”

Deployment □BEA WebLogic Server 8.1 SP3 □The JavaServer Faces required jars □commons-beanutils.jar □commons-collections.jar □commons-digester.jar □commons-logging.jar □jsf-api.jar □jsf-impl.jar □jstl.jar (must be version 1.0) □standard.jar (must be version 1.0)

Embedding HTML □HTML within JSF tags does not work without f:verbatim html □Use Exadels htmLib.jar instead

Components and Renderers □Building custom components □No simple task □Separate the renderer (easy to do)

Validation □If validation or conversion fails nothing happens □Action method bindings do not execute □Page just comes back □Most common JSF forum post □Use h:message or h:messages

Bundle Keys “x.y.z” □Resource Bundles are loaded as maps □ #{bundle.userslastname} – works □ #{bundle.user.name.last} – fails □ #{bundle[ ‘ user.name.last ’ ]} – works □For properties: □ #{bean.user.address.street} – works

Tool Support □Most IDEs have limited JSF support □The following IDEs provide the ability to drag and drop components onto a page: □IBM WSAD □Borland JBuilder □Oracle JDeveloper □Sun Java Studio Creator Eclipse*IntelliJ*JBuilderNetbeans* IBM WSADStudio CreatorJDeveloperNotepad**

MyEclipse – Drag and Drop

Political Support □Sun □Oracle □IBM □…and a bunch of little people but after those three it really doesn’t matter

Recommended Reading (the end)

Books Books I can recommend: □ Core JavaServer Faces by David Geary, Cay Horstmann □ JavaServer Faces in Action by Kito D. Mann Other books □ JavaServer Faces by Hans Bergsten □ Mastering JavaServer Faces by Bill Dudney, Jonathan Lehr, Bill Willis, LeRoy Mattingly □ JavaServer Faces Programming by Budi Kurniawan □ Javaserver Faces Kick Start (Kick Start) by James Turner, Craig McClanahan, Kunal Mittal

Sites □Sun Official JavaServer Faces Page □Sun Official JavaServer Faces Forum □Java Community Process JavaServer Faces Page □Sun Official JavaServer Faces implementation project □Components and resources □ □

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □Jave Server Faces (JSF) □Tapestry □Wicket □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □Jave Server Faces (JSF) □ Tapestry □ Wicket □Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □ Hybrid – Meta Framework □RIFE □Spring Framework □RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □ RIA-based Framework □Conclusion

Component-based Framework □Introduction □Java Web Aplication Framework □Request-based Framework □Component-based Framework □Hybrid – Meta Framework □ RIA-based Framework □DWR □Echo2 □JSON-RPC-Java □Conclusion

Java EE and.NET tiers

Java EE frameworks

References □T. C. Shan, W. W. Hua, “ Taxonomy of Java Web Application Frameworks,” in Conf. Rec IEEE Int. Conf. on e-Business Engineering, pp. 378–385. □M. Fowler,” Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture ”, Addison-Wesley, □Melek Oktay, Ayşe Betül Gülbağcı, Mustafa Sarıöz “ Architectural, Technological and Performance Issues in Enterprise Applications”, not published yet...

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