Agroecological monitoring of BARLEY STRIPE MOSAIC VIRUS in agricultural cenoses of enterprise “Velykosnitinske agronomic educational-research station of O. V. Muzichenko” Author: Olexandr Ladichuk Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Agricultural Sci. V.М. Chaika PhD. in Agriculture, Associate Prof. І.О. Antipov CABINET MINISTRY OF UKRAINE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

Aim and goals of master’s thesis 1. Inspection of wheat planting to reveal affection by barley stripe mosaic virus. 2. Diagnostics, identification and relevation of pathways of virus distribution in agrarian cenoses. To achieve the aim following goals were determined: 1.To inspect winter-crops of wheat in agricultural cenoses of enterprise “Velykosnitinske agronomic educational-research station of O. V. Muzichenko” to reveal viral infection; 2.To analyze quantitative dynamics of viral symptoms on inspected site using modern methods of virology; 3.To investigate relationship between agents of viral deceases and their possible hosts e. g. annual, biannual and perennial weeds, pests-vectors and soil; 4.To create recommendation on prevention of crop loss

The main viruses affecting winter-crop wheat VirusInternational nomenclature Group (genera) Nucleic acid Virus of russian mosaic of winter-crop wheat WWMVRhabdoviridaeОл РНК(-) Virus of mosaic of winter-crop wheat WWMWTenuivirusОл РНК(-) Virus of yellow dwarfness of barley BYDVLuteovirusОл РНК (+) Virus of stripe mosaic of barley BSMVHordevirusОл РНК (+) Virus of stripe mosaic of wheat WSMVTritimovirusОл РНК(+)

Experimental sites are situated at the territory of NULE’s enterprise “Velykosnitinske agronomic educational-research station of O. V. Muzichenko” Breed of winter-crop wheat Myronivska - 65 The lab of phytovirology and biotechnology of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Breed of winter-crop wheat Elegy myronivska

Visual diagnostics of winter-crop wheat on investigated sites BSMV on winter-crop wheat breed Myronivska-65 BSMV on winter- crop wheat breed Elegy Myronivska

Symptoms, revealed on plants of winter-crop wheat, breed Myronivska-65 №SymptomAmount%from general amount 1Yellow-green stripes127,2 2Mosaic on leaves159 3Yellow tops106,2 4Dots on plants63,6 5 Plants without symptoms Inspected plants, total166100

№SymptomAmount %from general amount 1Stripe necrosis94,5 2Light-green stripes105 3Yellow spots52,5 4Lightening of veins178,5 5Dots on leaves84,3 6Rugosity94,5 7Plants without symptoms14070,7 8Inspected plants, total Symptoms, revealed on plants of winter-crop wheat, Breed Elegy Myronivska

Amount of weeds on experimental sites and weeds account Dyagram of species distribution on weeds in winter-crop wheat plantations, breed Myronivska-65 (%) Dyagram of species distribution on weeds in winter-crop wheat plantations, breed Elegy Myronivska (%)

Account of insects — viral vectors

Results of electronic microscopical study of winter- crop wheat Virions of BSMV (breed of winter-crop wheat Myronivska-65). Bar 100 nm

Diagnostic investigations, method of IEA № of sample Indexes of optical density, wave length 405 nm RepetitionsMean ,4100,4150,4260, ,4220,4350,426 30,4110,4000,4150, ,4100,4220,413 50,4180,4010,4130,410 60,4190,3960,4050,406 70,4320,3890,4220,414 81,6521,5991,6341,622 90,4650,4350,4220, ,4180,3930,4570,422 ПК1,9631,9211,9441,942 НК0,4030,4110,4150,409

Diagnostic investigations, method of IEA № of sample Indexes of optical density, wave length 405 nm RepetitionsMean ,4100,4150,4260, ,4220,4350,426 30,4110,4000,4150, ,4100,4220,413 50,4180,4010,4130,410 60,4190,3960,4050,406 70,4320,3890,4220,414 81,6521,5991,6341,622 90,4650,4350,4220, ,4180,3930,4570,422 ПК1,9631,9211,9441,942 НК0,4030,4110,4150,409

Economical recommendations Для запобігання розповсюдження вірусів пшениці озимої та враховуючи фон вірусного навантаження на досліджуваних ділянках рекомендується: - використовувати для посадки сорти пшениці озимої, що мають резистентність до ураження ВШМЯ; - впроваджувати у виробництво насіннєвий матеріал пшениці озимої, оздоровлений біотехнологічними методами; - проводити комплексну діагностику насіннєвого матеріалу на вірусоносійство з використанням діагностичних тест-систем на основі ІФА та електронної мікроскопії; - проводити комплекс заходів спрямованих на знищення наявних бур’янів – резерваторів вірусних хвороб пшениці озимої; - проводити комплекс заходів, які спрямовані на зменшення спливу наявних комах-переносників вірусних інфекцій пшениці озимої.

Economical recommendations To prevent distribution of winter-crop wheat viruses, considering background of viral press on investigated site, we recommend: -using seeds of winter-crop wheat breeds, which are resistant to BSMV affection; - to introduce seed material of winter-crop wheat, sanated by biotechnological methods; - to provide complex diagnostics of seed material in direction of virus-bearing, using test-systems, based on IEA and electronic microscopy; - to provide complex of measures, directed to weed of host weeds of viral deceases of winter-crop wheat; - to provide complex of measures, minimizing impact of insects- vectors of viral diseases of winter-crop wheat.

CONCLUSIONS 1.Visual diagnostics of winter-crop wheat, breeds Myronivska-65 and Elegy Myronivska has been performed, to reveal affection by the most common viruses of winter- crop wheat. As a result of inspection typical symptoms of BSMV were noticed. 2.Host plants of viral infections were registered on investigated sites: wheat grass (Elytrigia repens L ), bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), orache (Сhenopodium album L), sow-thistle (Cirsium arvense L), stagger bush (Acroptilon repens L). 3.Level of reservoir weed presence was shown for winter- crop wheat breed Myronivska spec/m 2. The level of weed presence gor breed Elegy Myronivska 48 spec/m 2.

4. A special account of insects-vectors of viral infections has been provided. 5 experimental plots were chosen randomly, mean of insects presence was calculated. At sites of plantation of breed Myronivska-65 the value was 21 insect spec./100 plant spec., at sites of plantation of breed Elegy Myronivska, the value was 23 insect spec./100 plant spec.. 5. Diagnostics of winer-crop wheat viruses has been provided using method of electronic microscopy. Virions of BSMV 130*30 nm were found in samples of winter-crop wheat Myronivska IEA method revealed presence of BSMV in field samples of winter-crop wheat Myronivska-6 (1,622). Index of optical density on wave length 405 nm was 1,942.

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