 QWERTY arrangement  Dvorak arrangement

 Modifier keys:  Ctrl, Alt, Shift  Cursor movement keys:  Home, End, Arrows, Page up, Page down

 QWERTY keyboard  Enhanced keyboard  Wireless/ cordless keyboard

 Portable keyboard  Ergonomic keyboard

 Mechanical mouse  Optical mouse

 Wireless mouse  Transmitter & receiver

 It is used to position or move the curser according to the finger movement on the touchpad.  A touchpad is a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on screen.

 A small rubberized device located in the center of a computer keyboard, which is moved with a finger tip to position a pointer.

 The mobile users usually input data and instructions using a device like a pen for writing or drawing on a flat surface  Stylus: Stylus is a pointing and drawing device shaped like a pen, and used with a digitizing tablet or touch screen. The stylus point is made of a non scratching plastic to "write" on Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) or any similar device Screen. The input is given with pressure instead of ink

 Digital pen:  An input device which captures the handwriting or brush strokes of a  user, converts handwritten analog information created using "pen and paper" into digital data, enabling the data to be utilized in various applications.  For example, the writing data can be digitized and uploaded to a computer and displayed on its monitor. The data can then be interpreted by handwriting software (OCR) and used in different applications or just as graphics.

 The pen input is used with touch screens  A graphic tablet can be attached with the computer if touch screen is not available.  A graphics tablet (or digitizer, digitizing tablet, graphics pad, drawing tablet) is a computer input device that enables a user to hand- draw images and graphics, similar to the way a person draws images with a pencil and paper.  These tablets may also be used to capture data or handwritten signatures. It can also be used to trace an image from a piece of paper which is taped or otherwise secured to the surface. Capturing data in this way, either by tracing or entering the corners of linear poly-lines or shapes is called digitizing.

 A gamepad (also called joypad or control pad), is a type of game controller held in two hands, where the digits (especially thumbs) are used to provide input. Gamepads generally feature a set of action buttons handled with the right thumb and a direction controller handled with the left

 Output device that uses a steering wheel and a separate set of foot pedals to imitate real world driving

 Process of entering any sound into computer is called audio input  Audio devices converts sound into a form that can be processed by a computer  Sound card is required to enter high quality sound into PC  Microphone: is an acoustic-to-electric converter or sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal.  MIDI devices: are used to enter music and other sound effects from piano to computer

 The process of entering data by speaking into microphone attached to computer  Voice recognition/Speech recognition: Ability of a computer to distinguish spoken words  Speaker dependent Software: Computer stores the voice patterns of words repeatedly spoken by user  Speaker Independent Software: User doesn't train the computer. Software has built in set of word patterns

 Digital camera (or digicam): takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor  doesn't require a roll of film  Unwanted pictures can be erased  preview your photos  Quality of digital camera depends upon its resolution  Resolution: Image Sharpness

 Studio camera: a high-end device for creating electronic moving images  Field camera: a view camera that can be folded in a compact size. It has many lenses  Point and Shoot camera: A still camera designed primarily for simple operation. Most use autofocus for focusing, automatic systems for setting the exposure options, and have flash units built in.

 Process of entering full motion recording into computer  Video capture card: An expansion card that converts the analog video signal into digital signal.  Types of expansion cards:  Frame grabber video card: It captures and converts single frame at a time  Full motion video card/ Adapters: Converts 30 frames per second. It gives the effect of a motion picture

 Stores its images in real time to a computer or computer network, often via USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi.  Webcams are known for their low manufacturing cost and flexibility, making them the lowest cost form of video telephony.

 Compression decreases the file size, allowing for a reasonable amount of download time or streaming capability but also decreases the quality of the video  A video codec is a device or software that enables video compression and/or decompression for digital video  Video Decoder decompresses video data  Video digitizers captures individual frame from an analog video and saves still picture in file.

 Conducting a conference between two or more participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio and video data  Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or videoteleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called 'visual collaboration' and is a type of groupware.

 Captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.  A device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image.  Typical scanners support resolutions of from 300 to 600 dpi. Professional scanner scans at 1200 dpi or higher.  Optical Character Recognition software reads the document image and converts it into the text that can be edited in word processor.

 Flatbed scanner/ Image scanners, is like a photocopy machine. It consists of a board on which you lay books, magazines, and other documents that you want to scan.  Sheet-fed scanners: Similar to flatbed scanners except the document is moved and the scan head is immobile. A sheet-fed scanner looks a lot like a small portable printer.  Handheld scanners: use the same basic technology as a flatbed scanner, but rely on the user to move them instead of a motorized belt. This type of scanner typically does not provide good image quality. However, it can be useful for quickly capturing text.

 Mark Sensing device  The process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.  It is a device designed to read carefully placed pencil marked answers placed on a form or document.

 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques and makes up the routing number and account number at the bottom of a check.  MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) is a technology used to verify the legitimacy or originality of paper documents, especially checks.

 Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag, called RFID tag or label, attached to an object, through a reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking the object.  The RFID tag includes a small RF transmitter and receiver.

 Magnetic stripe card/ swipe card /magstripe: is a type of card capable of storing data on a band of magnetic material on the card.  It reads the magnetic stripe on the back of credit cards and bank cards.  It is used to identify user, account no, card expiry, country, Card issuing company  The magnetic stripe, sometimes, is read by physical contact and swiping past magnetic reading head.

 Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.  Among the features measured are; facial patterns, fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retinal, vein, DNA, and voice.  Biometric device converts personal characteristic in digital code stored in computer.

 Finger Print reader  Facial recognition system  Hand geometry system  Voice verification system  Signature verification system  Iris recognition system  Line of sight Systems