RAID CS5493/7493. RAID : What is it? Redundant Array of Independent Disks configured into a single logical storage unit.

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Presentation transcript:

RAID CS5493/7493

RAID : What is it? Redundant Array of Independent Disks configured into a single logical storage unit.

RAID : Implemented with current disk storage technologies: – SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment – SCSI Small Computer System Interface – SSD Solid State Disk

Storage Performance Factors

Capacity

Storage Performance Factors Capacity Noise Level

Storage Performance Factors Capacity Noise Level Power Consumption

Storage Performance Factors Capacity Noise Level Power Consumption Data Transfer Rate

Storage Performance Factors Capacity Noise Level Power Consumption Data Transfer Rate Reliability

Storage Performance Factors Capacity Noise Level Power Consumption Data Transfer Rate Reliability Temperature

Performance Pyramid Fast Cheap Good S-S, Steady State

Performance Pyramid Fast – Faster IO transfer rate Cheap – Lower cost per GB Good – more reliable, – lower temp, – less noise – Less power consumption

Performance Pyramid FastCheap S-S Good

Technology Comparison Single Unit Storage Devices $/GBMTBFIO RateNoisePower SATA-HDD~$0.05< 90 K-hrs< 100 MB/s~40dB2.5-10W SASCSI-HDD~$1.00~ 90 K-hrs~ 100 MB/s~50dB10W SATA-SSD~$0.50~ 90 K-hrs~ 500 MB/s> 0 dB< 2.5W

RAID Purpose RAID can improve – Reliability (except level-0) – Data Transfer Rates through parallelism (faster than the single unit rates)

RAID Purpose RAID can improve – Reliability – Data Transfer Rates RAID sacrifice – Cost per GB increases

Common RAID Levels RAID-0 RAID-1 RAID-3 RAID-5 RAID-6 RAID-1+0 RAID-0+1

RAID-0 Striped, no mirror, no parity IO Speedup bounded by number of drives and Amdahl’s Law. No fault tolerance Minimum of 2 drives

RAID-1 No Striping, no parity, uses a mirror 2 drives (data and mirror) Fault tolerance is one

RAID-3 Byte level striping and Dedicated parity drive – Parity uses the logical exclusive-or operation n-1 IO speed-up limit Minimum of 3 drives required. Fault tolerance is one

RAID-5 Block level striping Distributed parity Parallel IO data transfer across the array Minimum of 3 drives required Fault tolerance is one

RAID-6 Block level striping Distributed and redundant parity Parallel IO data transfer across the array. Minimum of 4 drives required Fault tolerance is two

RAID-1+0 Combination of RAID-1 and RAID-0 Logical drives are physical pairs configured as RAID-1 devices The logical drives are then configured as a stripe. Fault tolerance is ≥ 1.

RAID-0+1 Combination of RAID-1 and RAID-0 A stripe of drives is mirrored Fault tolerance is ≥ 1.

Relative Reliability of RAID Class exercise