Development of Western Thought & the Rise of Democratic Ideals Democratic Development in England: The Glorious Revolution Essential Question: How does the Glorious Revolution contribute to modern Ideas of democracy?
Essential Questions: How have people worked to gain individual rights and liberties? Why are individual liberties essential for citizens? What dramatic principles have developed over time? How does a government gain the legitimate right to rule?
Please Analyze the following Picture…
Feudalism Provided a sense of security in the face of social and political turmoil
Divine Right of Kings Power comes directly from God Accountable to God not citizens Absolute monarchs
English Common Law Established By Henry II 1154 King could not write new laws, but had to follow accepted customs Henry II found ways to expand customs into laws Legal system based on custom & court rulings Standardized laws and punishments
Magna Carta 1215 Forced king John to accept Protections for the common man Freedom from arrest, imprisonment Due Process Nobles had certain rights—later extended to all English citizens Monarchs had to obey the laws
Parliament Great Council Nobles & Clergy met at the House of Lords Knights & Middle-Class citizens met at the House of Commons Could approve new taxes—checked and limited the power of the monarch
The Tudors
Tudor Dynasty 1485-1603 Had good relations with Parliament Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church-Established the Church of England Elizabeth I died in 1603 without an heir
The Stuarts James I Charles I
Stuarts were the Scottish relatives of the Tudors James I agreed to rule according to English laws and customs but behaved like absolute monarch
Clashed with Parliament Sent them home in 1611 & 1614 Charles I becomes king 1640-1653-Charles I summoned Parliament and they revolted Demanded the execution of the King’s chief ministers Charles sent troops to Parliament
The English Civil War 1642-1649 Between Charles I & Parliament Wealthy nobles support the King Rural landowners, manufactures, Puritan clergy support Parliament Oliver Cromwell’s army defeated the King
Cromwell
Parliament set up a court to try the king King was executed as a traitor First time a sitting monarch had been tried and executed by his own people
The Commonwealth House of Commons abolished the Monarchy the House of Lords, and the Church of England Declared England a Republic Oliver Cromwell is in charge and installs a military dictatorship
Puritan Rule Exiled Catholics Cromwell dies in 1658 1660 a newly elected Parliament restored the monarchy by inviting Charles’s son to rule
The Stuarts Again Charles II
Charles II Absolute Monarch Had Catholic sympathies Accepted the Petition of Right & effectively dealt with Parliament
James II
Inherited the throne in 1685 Flaunted his Catholic faith Ignored Parliament and Laws English Protestants fear James II will restore the Catholic Church
William & Mary
1688 Parliament invited James’s Protestant daughter Mary & her Dutch husband William III of Orange to become rulers of England As they arrive James II fled to France This is know as a bloodless or glorious revolution
Significance Limited Monarchy: Constitution or legislative body limits the monarchs power. Destroyed divine right theory King serves by the grace of Parliament not God
The English Bill of Rights The king or queen could not cancel laws or impose taxes unless Parliament agreed. Free elections No excessive fines No cruel punishments Habeas Corpus Right to bring complaints in front of the king or queen Parliament meet frequently Government would be based on laws and the rights of its citizens, not the authority of a single ruler