CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

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Presentation transcript:

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY The development of limited government in England In the 1600s

Biggest Picture 1600s England creates (with much turmoil) a Constitutional Monarchy (not an absolutist one). Parliament & a limited Monarch will now rule England.

Bigger Picture 1603-1688 * Kings rule arbitrarily * England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Executed * Parliament Rules with no king * Kings are restored but cause more trouble * Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

Bigger Picture 1603-1688 * Stuart Monarchs 1603+ * England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Killed * Parliament Rules with no king * Kings are restored but cause more trouble * Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

Bigger Picture * Stuart Monarchs 1603+ * The English Civil War * Parliament Rules with no king * Kings are restored but cause more trouble * Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

Bigger Picture * Stuart Monarchs 1603+ * The English Civil War * The Commonwealth / The Protectorate * Kings are restored but cause more trouble Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly! Blood isn’t good

Bigger Picture * Stuart Monarchs 1603+ * The English Civil War * The Commonwealth / The Protectorate * The Restoration Monarchs * Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!

Bigger Picture * Stuart Monarchs 1603+ * The English Civil War * The Commonwealth / The Protectorate * The Restoration Monarchs * The Glorious Revolution 1688!

The Big Picture Charles I James II * The Stuart Monarchs 1603+ James I * The Civil War (Parliament vs Monarchy) * The Commonwealth / The Protectorate Oliver Cromwell * The Restoration Monarchs Charles II James II * The Glorious Revolution 1688-89 William & Mary

Henry VII STUARTS James V Edward - Mary - Elisabeth James VI James IV m. Margaret Henry VIII James V Edward - Mary - Elisabeth Mary Queen of Scots James VI STUARTS

James I 1603 - 1625 King James Bible Scottish! Divine Right of Kings Persecutes Puritans Pro-Catholic Foreign Policy!! King James Bible

James I 1603 - 1625 Scottish! Divine Right of Kings Persecutes Puritans Pro-Catholic Foreign Policy!!

Who is this? George Villiers The Duke of Buckingham!! Ultimately assasinated by Puritan

Guy Fawkes?? Gunpowder Plot 11/05/1605 Catholics against James I / protestant aristocracy - had thought james would rule as a CATHOLIC Wanted james’ 9 year old daughter

Charles I 1625-1649 Why We Hate Him! - Arbitrary Rule Habeas Corpus! - Parliament? 3 years? 11 years??? - War with Scotland!! Episcopal vs Presbytery

The Civil War 1640-1649 Parliament Wins! But a radical faction wins! Parliament vs Charles I Roundheads Cavaliers Middle Class Nobles Urban South Rural North Parliament Wins! But a radical faction wins! Eject Opponents – Rump Parliament Abolish the House of Lords

Charles I Executed 1649

The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! The New Model Army REDUCES Rump Parliament (75) to the Barebones Parliament (40) (Praise-God Barebone) Goals A Virtuous Republic! Create Christian Utopia Severe Moral Code Crushes Political Opposition

The Commonwealth No Catholic rituals in the church No newspapers No Dancing No Theater Vices? horse racing, gambling, bear baiting, fancy dress, cock fighting??

The Commonwealth “ The Puritan hated bear-baiting, not because it gave pain to the bear, but because it gave pleasure to the spectators.“ Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859)

The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! Goals A Republic! Leader of the New Model Army Goals A Republic! Create Christian Utopia Severe Moral Code Crushes Political Opposition Scots, Irish, Levelers, Diggers DISOLVES PARLIAMENT!!

The Protectorate Oliver Cromwell Lord High Protector 1653 - 1658 ?

The Restoration Monarchs

Charles II 1630- (r. 1660 – 1685) Father killed in 1649 Fled to Sicily, Holland, & France King of the Scots 1651

Charles II 1630- (r. 1660 – 1685) Popular King Secretly Catholic? Accepts Magna Carta Petition of Rights Anglicanism

JAMES II 1633 (1685 – 1689) Foolish fearless Catholic Divine Right Absolutism Hated, but …

William & Mary

New Wife? Son!

The Immortal Seven The Earl of Danby The Earl of Shrewsbury The Earl of Devonshire The Viscount Lumley The Bishop of London Edward Russell Henry Sydney (the writer)

The Glorious Revolution 1689 Constitutional Balance (unwritten) Bill of Rights!! Religious Tolerance for all protestants Act of Settlement only Anglicans can inherit the Throne Settle in America and start Baptist church

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