THE CAROLINAS: –King Charles II restored Monarchy in England Restoration: another wave of Colonization began when King Charles II rewarded his supporters with grants of land He received a Charter for Colony and named it Carolina – which is Latin for Charles Later the Colony was divided between North and South Carolina The Carolinas attracted many different ethnicities: Jews, Germans, Scots, etc.

THE CAROLINAS: –There was a great demand for plantation workers that 2/3 of the population were SLAVES RICE PLANTATIONS Slaves on Rice Plantations had relatively little contact with white colonists; as a result the Slaves retained their African Traditions than did Slaves in other areas

THE CAROLINAS: –TASK SYSTEM: each day Slaves were given certain duties; when done they could tend to their own plots, and raise livestock –Slaves worked for wages on their own time – some slaves even earned enough money to buy their freedom if the Slaveholder permitted

New York and New Jersey: –Attracted by the Fur Trade, the Dutch West India Company Established a Colony in North America in 1624 – NEW NETHERLAND –Many people in New Netherland believed the leaders were ineffective –As a result, they refused to defend the Colony when an English fleet sailed into the Harbor of New Amsterdam, The Colony’s Capitol

New York & New Jersey –Without a shot being fired, the Colony’s Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered to the English –Now it is New York and New Jersey

COLONIAL EXPERIMENTS: –Colonies of Pennsylvania, Delaware and Georgia were founded between Each Colony was established for different reasons and therefore developed unique characteristics

Pennsylvania and Delaware: William Penn: Duke of York gave him Delaware Penn wanted his own Colony for his fellow Quakers – Pennsylvania Penn wanted Pennsylvania to be a “Holy Experiment” where people of different nationalities and religious beliefs “could shape their own lives and live in peace.” Pennsylvania known as “best poor man’s country” – attracted lots of immigrants

Georgia: Social Experiment –James Ogelthorpe planned the Colony in order to provide a fresh start for the English who were poor –As a SOCIAL EXPERIMENT – wanted to aid the most “virtuous and industrious, poor” THE COLONY FAILED because very few people who were in debt qualified The Colony attracted few other settlers because its rigid rules, which included Prohibition against RUM and SLAVERY In 1750 Founders of Georgia reluctantly allowed Slavery

TRADE –Mercantilism: an economic policy that stated: “A Nation’s power was a product of wealth, and a Nation’s wealth is measured by it’s stock in precious metals (gold) –Favorable Balance of Trade: Export more than you import so you can become a rich country

TRADE: –Colonies were very important to England because they were a source of raw materials (cotton) and as a market for English goods

Navigation Acts – a series of mercantilist laws to promote: “wealth, safety, and strength of this kingdom – ENGLAND –European goods that are going to the colonies must go to England first 1.Colonial products must be transported on English Ships 2.Colonial products can only go to England 3.Colonists must always obey these acts

James II and The Glorious Revolution: –Lords of Trade: Committee established in 1675 to oversee the colonies to make sure they were following the Navigation Acts Massachusetts Colonists were violating the Navigation Acts so England revoked the Colony’s Charter King James II increased Royal authority over the Colonies by authorizing the Lords of Trade to organize the northern colonies into the Dominion of New England

James II and The Glorious Revolution: –1686 the Committee placed the New England Dominion under the control of former colonial governor EDMUND ANDROS Colonists are angry at Edmund Andros because he imposed taxes on the colonists without their consent

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION: –James II not popular in England like Andros was hated in the New England Colonies –James II Catholicism upset the English Protestants, and his practice of ruling by decree angered the parliament –Protestants opposition to King James II staged a bloodless revolution called the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION James flees to France To prevent further abuses of power the Parliament in England enacted a Bill of Rights in 1689

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION: –The Colonists used the Glorious Revolution to rid themselves of hated officials Colonists threw Andros in Jail and then sent him back to England

THE GREAT AWAKENING: –Glorious Revolution established that royal power flowed from the consent of Parliament and not from the will of God to the king

THE GREAT AWAKENING: –ENLIGHTENMENT: a revolution of ideas in Europe during the 1700s Enlightenment thinkers emphasized human reason as the key to improving society

Great Awakening (British Colonies mid-1700s): people longed for more than reason; they wanted a series of religious revivals Jonathan Edwards – credited with launching New England’s Great Awakening – felt he had a religious calling – no predestination Famous Sermon – “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” –God Forgives