Chapter 5-Section 5

 A legislative group whose purpose was to advise the king.  Originally started as the nobility  Gained protection with the signing of the Magna Carta  Still exists today and served as a model of our bicameral Congress

 Henry VIII>  Edward>Mary>  Elizabeth I (Anglican Church)  Elizabeth left no heir, so James, King of Scotland became king of England (cousin)  Quarreled with Parliament over taxes and purifying Anglican Church

 James’ son Charles takes power  Charles needed lots of $ because he was at war with Spain and France  Parliament refused to raise taxes  He disbanded (fired) Parliament.

 So he reinstates Parliament again  They refuse to do anything unless he agrees to Petition of Right:  No imprisoning of subjects without due cause (good reason)  No levying (creating) taxes without Parliament’s consent  No housing soldiers in private homes  No imposing martial law in peacetime (strict rules) This set forth the idea that law was higher than the king.

 Charles continues to battle with Parliament  He also offends Scots and Anglicans  Scots threaten to invade England-Charles needs more $$$$  Charles is forced to flee to northern England=English Civil War now starts

 Supporters of Charles=Cavaliers  Supporters of Puritans/Parliament= Roundheads  Oliver Cromwell=Leader of the Roundheads  Cromwell captures the king and executes him  1 st time a monarch faced a public trial and execution…

 Cromwell abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords (part of Parliament) and sent the rest of Parliament home.  A constitution is created but Cromwell tears it up  Rules as a military dictator (different how?)

 He sends troops to Ireland to put down a revolt  Ireland had been under English domination since the 1100’s  Fighting, plague, and famine killed hundreds of thousands of Irish

 Cromwell strictly controlled society  Promoted Puritan morality (very strict) Abolished:  Dancing   Theater  Sporting events  Catholicism

 Cromwell dies  Parliament is reinstated  Charles II (son of Charles I) becomes king  This is the RESTORATION of the monarchy

 During Charles II reign, Parliament creates an important guarantee of freedom  Habeas Corpus (to have the body)  This law gave every prisoner the right to be brought before a judge who would decide if the person should be tried or set free.  This protected people from being imprisoned by the king for no good reason (opposing him)  It also prohibited being imprisoned indefinitely (forever) without a trial  This would become an important part of our American judicial system

 James II is a Catholic (not very popular in England)  Appoints Catholics to high office (not very popular)  Parliament is dissolved when they protest  People become afraid of a line of Catholic kings

 Seven Parliament members “invite” Mary, James’ oldest daughter and wife of king of the Netherlands, to become Queen of England for the sake of Protestantism  William leads army to London, James flees=Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution

 Wm. And Mary agree to rule WITH Parliament  Now England was an CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY  Laws would limit the monarch’s power  They create a Bill of Rights to set down limits

 No suspending of Parliament’s laws  No levying (creating) taxes without permission from Parliament  No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament  No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances (complaints)  Now no king could rule without consent of Parliament

 Sometimes, the king and Parliament would not agree  The king would have advisors, or cabinet positions, to serve as go- between  These cabinet members slowly assumed more governing power and today, the English government is run by a prime minister (#1 cabinet job) British Prime Minister David Cameron