O. ŞAHİN İÖP

İngilizce’de isimler countable (sayılabilen), uncountable(sayılamayan) olmak üzere ikiye ayrılırlar. Sayılabilir isimleri rakamlarla ifade edebiliriz: A cat, a pen, two houses, etc.

Sayılamayan isimlerse;katı, sıvı, gaz, toz vb maddelerdir: rice, sugar,butter rice, sugar,butter furniture, luggage furniture, luggage milk, water, soda milk, water, soda electricity, gas, power electricity, gas, power

Soyut kavramları karşılayan isimler de sayılamazlar: music, art, love, happiness music, art, love, happiness luck, chance, honesty luck, chance, honesty wealth, health, news wealth, health, news education, anger confidence education, anger confidence

Countable (Sayılabilen) İsimler Countable nouns are things that we can count: dog, cat,animal,man, person dog, cat,animal,man, person bottle, box litre bottle, box litre coin, note, dollar coin, note, dollar table, chair, suitcase table, chair, suitcase cup, plate, fork cup, plate, fork

Countable nouns can be singular or plural: My dog is playing. My dog is playing. My dogs are hungry. My dogs are hungry.

We can use indefinite article a/an with countables: A dog is an animal. A dog is an animal. I have a brother. I have a brother. An insect can be very little. An insect can be very little. I’ve got a professional camera. I’ve got a professional camera.

When a countable noun singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this: I want an orange. (not I want orange) I want an orange. (not I want orange) Where is my bottle? (not where is bottle?) Where is my bottle? (not where is bottle?) A dog is an animal. (not dog is animal) A dog is an animal. (not dog is animal)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone: I like horses. I like horses. Bottles can break. Bottles can break. Computer games can affect children. Computer games can affect children. Families are most important in Turkish culture. Families are most important in Turkish culture.

We can use some and any with countable nouns: I’ve got some dollars. I’ve got some dollars. Have you got any pencils? Have you got any pencils? I don’t like any kind of animals. I don’t like any kind of animals. Some birds don’t fly. Some birds don’t fly.

We can use a few and many with countable nouns: I’ve got a few dollars. I’ve got a few dollars. I haven’t got many pencils. I haven’t got many pencils. I have to do many homeworks. I have to do many homeworks. A few students are absent in class today. A few students are absent in class today.

Uncountable (sayılamayan) isimler Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into seperate elements. We cannot count them: We cannot count them: For example, we cannot count “milk” For example, we cannot count “milk” We can count “ bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”. We can count “ bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”. But we cannot count “milk” itself. But we cannot count “milk” itself.

Here are the some more uncountable nouns: furniture, fruit, jewellery,weaponry furniture, fruit, jewellery,weaponry meat, cheese butter, bread, ice meat, cheese butter, bread, ice milk, beer, wine, soup, blood milk, beer, wine, soup, blood pollution, air, steam, oxygen pollution, air, steam, oxygen salt, sugar, pepper, rice, wheat, corn,etc. salt, sugar, pepper, rice, wheat, corn,etc.

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example: This news is vey important. This news is vey important. Your luggage looks heavy. Your luggage looks heavy. This money is yours. This money is yours. The scenery along the Bosphorus is magnificient. The scenery along the Bosphorus is magnificient.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say “an information” or “a music”. But we can say a something of: a piece of news a piece of news a bottle of water a bottle of water a grain of rice a grain of rice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns. I’ve got some money. I’ve got some money. I haven’t got any rice. I haven’t got any rice. I don’t use any sugar with my tea. I don’t use any sugar with my tea. I haven’t got any idea about this problem. I haven’t got any idea about this problem. We need some flour for making cake. We need some flour for making cake.

We can use a little and much with uncountables. I have got a little money. I have got a little money. I haven’t got much rice. I haven’t got much rice. Can you give me a little sugar, please! Can you give me a little sugar, please! I haven’t got much furniture. I haven’t got much furniture.

Uncountable nouns seperate into some categories. Nouns denoting whole groups made up of similar items: baggage/luggage, clothing, food, fruit baggage/luggage, clothing, food, fruit furniture, jewellery, junk, equipment furniture, jewellery, junk, equipment machinery, postage, scenery, traffic, machinery, postage, scenery, traffic, money,ammunition, weaponry, etc. money,ammunition, weaponry, etc.

Substances Solids: bread, ice, glass, iron, silver, etc. Solids: bread, ice, glass, iron, silver, etc. Fluids: water, milk, soup, blood, oil, etc. Fluids: water, milk, soup, blood, oil, etc. Gases: pollution, air, oxygen, etc. Gases: pollution, air, oxygen, etc. Particles: flour, dirt, dust, sand, wheat, etc. Particles: flour, dirt, dust, sand, wheat, etc.

Abstract nouns advice, anger, assitance, behaviour, conduct, courage, advice, anger, assitance, behaviour, conduct, courage, education, employment, evidence, fun, happiness, health, education, employment, evidence, fun, happiness, health, help, honesty, hospitality, importance, intelligence, help, honesty, hospitality, importance, intelligence, information, knowledge, justice, laughter, luck, music, information, knowledge, justice, laughter, luck, music, patience, peace, poetry, pride, progress, truth, etc. patience, peace, poetry, pride, progress, truth, etc.

The other uncountable nouns Gerunds (İsim fiiller): Gerunds (İsim fiiller): Swimming (yüzme) Diving (dalma) Running (koşma) Cooking (yemek pişirme)

Recreation(Etkinlik): Recreation(Etkinlik): Chess (satranç) Tennis (tenis) Football (futbol) Basketball (basketbol)

Languages (Diller): Languages (Diller): Turkish (Türkçe) English (İngilizce) German (Almanca) Portuguese (Portekizce)

Fields of study (Çalışma alanları): Fields of study (Çalışma alanları): History (tarih) Literature (edebiyat) Psychology (psikoloji) Chemistry (kimya)

Natural phenomena (Doğa olayları): Natural phenomena (Doğa olayları): Fog(sis) Fog(sis) Hail (dolu) Hail (dolu) Lightning (yıldırım) Lightning (yıldırım) Rain (yağmur) Rain (yağmur) Snow (kar) Snow (kar)

Nouns that can be countable and uncountable There are two hairs in my coffee. (countable) There are two hairs in my coffee. (countable) I don’t have much hair. (uncountable) There are two lights in my bedroom. (countable) There are two lights in my bedroom. (countable) Close the curtain. There’s too much ligth. (uncountable) Have you got a paper to read? (countable) Have you got a paper to read? (countable) I want to draw a picture. Have you got some paper? (uncountable)

Our house has seven rooms. (countable) Our house has seven rooms. (countable) Is there room for me to sit here? (uncountable) We had a great time at the party. (countable) We had a great time at the party. (countable) Have you got time for a coffee? (uncountable) Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest works. (countable) Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest works. (countable) I have no money. I need work!

Experience: Experience: It’s difficult to get a job without experience.(=deneyim, uncountable) We had some wonderful experiences on our trip. (olay, countable)

Noise: Noise: Noise is a kind of pollution too. (=gürültü, uncountable) We heard a loud noise down the river. (=ses, countable)

Glass: Glass: There may be some glass on the floor, because the window got broken. (=cam, uncountable) We need some more glasses for the party. (=bardak countable)