Cancer Control

KEY FEATURES/DESCRIPTION Abnormal cells (mutations) divide and invade nearby healthy tissue which in turns affects its ability to carry out normal functions. Word associated with caner – malignant, benign, tumor, neoplasm

 Largest contributor to the overall Burden of Disease. Contributes more to YLLs than any other condition – major cause of death  Many cancers are preventable with lifestyle changes  Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death. Lung cancer is a major killer for men and women  Prostate cancer - major killer and most diagnosed type of cancer in males  Breast cancer is the largest cancer killer and most diagnosed cancer in females REASONS FOR SELECTION - NHPA

Breast cancer  Breast cancer is the largest cancer killer and most diagnosed cancer in females  Breast cancer can strike at any age  Males can be diagnosed with breast cancer however more females due to more breast tissue Colorectal cancer  Includes cancer of the colon and rectum  Second most diagnosed cancer in men and women (2007) and 3 rd leading cause of cancer death Lung Cancer  Lung cancer is a major killer for men and women Prostate Cancer  Major killer and most diagnosed type of cancer in males  Most common – men over45 If detected early chances of survival are good

Melanoma skin cancer  Extremely dangerous type of skin cancer  Melanoma is cancer of the melanocytes (cells). Too much UV exposure causes melanocytes to grow abnormally and become malignant Non-melanoma skin cancer  Most commonly diagnosed skin cancer  Two types: 1.Basal cell cancer – most commonly diagnosed and Least dangerous 1. Squamous cell skin cancer – less common but cause more damage Generally treated with medication, radiation or surgically removed Cancer of the cervix  Cancer of the cervix  This type of cancer is largely preventable through HPV vaccine  Responds to treatment if detected in early stages Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma  Type of cancer that affects the lymph nodes (these form an important part of the immune system)  Can occur in children but most common in adults

DIRECTINDIRECTINTANGIBLE IndividualCommunityIndividualCommunityIndividualCommunity Costs of:  diagnostic tests  Blood tests  Chemotherapy  Medications for pain relief and treatment  Surgery to remove tumour  Individual paying for prevention program ●Cost of treatment paid through Medicare and cost of public hospital for treatment of cancer ●Cost of medication through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) ●Cost to the government and private organisations of health promotion programs. EG Cancer Council ●Cost of a carer for someone who has cancer and is unable to work - transport, shopping, cleaning, washing, cooking ●Loss of income as a person cannot work because of their cancer ●The cost of social security payments through Centrelink for someone who cannot work because of cancer ●Loss of taxation revenue by the government because of person is unable to work and not pay taxes ●Loss of productivity by the person who cannot work or a person who has to give up work to care for the person  Pain and suffering  Loss of confidence  Feel anxious and stressed waiting for results and treatment  School or work can be missed, impacting on socialisation and self- esteem levels  Family, friends, work colleagues feel impact of someone suffering cancer

Nutrients that act as risk factors for CANCER Nutrients that act as protective factors for CANCER Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats Can lead to weight gain, obesity which is a risk factor for cancer Fibre Fibre assists in moving digested food matter through the digestive tract and absorbs water, which adds bulk to faeces, making them easier to pass. The exact relationship between fibre and colorectal cancer is unknown but fibre appears to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. Water Contributes no kilojoules to energy intake, so can reduce the risk of obesity and associated conditions, including colorectal cancer. Is Water absorbed by fibre and assists in flushing waste, which may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer.

NBreastscreen Australia Program OBreastscreen Australia F Screen women in the target age group (50-69). (Also 40-49; 70-79) at 2 yearly intervals Rescreen women at Screening performed at minimal or no cost Screening – use of mammography OTo reduce the morbidity and mortality attributed to breast cancer To maximise the early detection of breast cancer in the target population To ensure equitable access for 50 – 69 year olds

NBreastscreen Australia Program OBreastscreen Australia F Breastsceen Australia is a program that targets women 40 – 79 to be screened for signs of breast cancer every 2 years. This screening is free for all Australian women. Information is given to all women outlining the importance of breastscreening and how to detect it using breast examinations regularly. OTo reduce the morbidity and mortality attributed to breast cancer To maximise the early detection of breast cancer in the target population To ensure equitable access for 50 – 69 year olds

NNational Bowel Cancer Screening Program OAustralian Government F BSA is an Australian Government program aimed at people turning 50, 55 and 65 to partake in a screening program to detect pre-cancerous cells in the bowel. A faecal occult blood testing kit is sent to all Australians in the mail to perform the test in the privacy of their home. An information booklet is also provided outlining the signs and symptoms of bowel cancer. OTo find cancer or pre-cancer early when it is easier to treat.