Integrated Pest Management International Policies and Trends Harry van der Wulp, Senior Policy Officer Plant Production and Protection Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Governments are facing many challenges regarding agricultural production Soaring food prices Increasing populations Changing food patterns Climate change Demand for biofuel Consumer demand for safe food Development of export markets Requires sustainable intensification of agricultural production

Concerns about pesticide use Agronomic risks related to inappropriate use Food safety and other public health risks (pesticide exposure; pesticide residues) Environmental risks (water contamination, biodiversity) Market access - Pesticide residue requirements are increasingly important in trade (Legal requirements and private GAP standards) Pesticide quality - Illegal trade in pesticides; (substandard, counterfeit and fake products)

These concerns feed into policy development Sector policies affecting pesticide use Public health and food safety Environmental protection Nature conservation Water quality Labour standards

These concerns feed into policy development Pest and pesticide management policy Regulation of pesticide use Pesticide management capacity building Development of policy to encourage IPM Capacity building in IPM training Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) schemes Phytosanitary legislation and capacity building

....... and at International Level International instruments International Code of Conduct on Distribution and Use of Pesticides Rotterdam Convention (PIC) Stockholm Convention (POP) Montreal Protocol CODEX Alimetarius International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Trade requirements (public and private) MRLs GAP

It is all about Risk Reduction

Principles for pesticide risk reduction Reduce reliance on pesticides \ reduce pesticide use - Prevent pest build up - Use non-chemical pest management tools Better selection of pesticides. - Select least harmful products Ensure proper use of the selected products in line with international standards. - Including accurate calibration and application

Policies tools for pesticide risk reduction Strengthen regulatory control of pesticides Promote IPM Promote GAP, with crop protection based on IPM Enhance access to non-chemical pest management approaches and products Resource allocation to education, extension and research Awareness raising and training programmes - Risks; proper and rational use of pesticides, - use of none\less hazardous alternatives Incentives/disincentives to encourage/discourage certain practices

Growing attention for IPM Challenges to production and concerns about pesticides Growing attention for IPM International Regional and National Private Sector

Three decades of FAO IPM Programmes Some of the Lessons Learned There often is significant pesticide overuse that can be eliminated without loss in crop production. Promotion of IPM requires farmer education. Introduction of IPM can start with simple measures and then gradually develop into more complex approaches. Broad adoption of IPM needs to be supported by policy reform.

FAO Policy Implementation of the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides - Revision of 2002 puts more emphasis on IPM Mainstreaming principles of IPM in all work on plant production and protection. IPM is now considered an integral part of pesticide risk reduction.

The International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides Articles referring to IPM (summarised) 3.7 Concerted efforts by governments to develop and promote the use of IPM. Including the development of National IPM policies. 3.8 All stakeholders, should play a proactive role in the development and promotion of IPM. 3.9 Promote research on, and the development of, alternatives posing fewer risks. 5.1 Support for IPM extension

World Bank Operational Policy 4.09 on Pest Management Art. 1: In assisting borrowers to manage pests that affect either agriculture or public health, the Bank supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Art. 4: In Bank-financed agriculture operations, pest populations are normally controlled through IPM approaches, such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest. The Bank may finance the purchase of pesticides when their use is justified under an IPM approach.

EU Proposal for a Directive on establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides Article 13 on IPM requires Member States to: (summarised) Take appropriate measures to promote low pesticide- input pest management - including IPM, .... giving priority wherever possible to non-chemical methods .. Establish the necessary conditions for implementation of IPM, and report on this to the Commission by 06/2013 describe in Action Plan how they ensure that all professional users implement the general principles of IPM by 2014 Establish appropriate incentives to encourage implementation of crop or sector specific guidelines for IPM on a voluntary basis.

Many developing countries already have policies and programmes to mainstream IPM Mali India Cambodia

IPM in China IPM-based safe-vegetable production scheme to supply Beijing (and the olympics)

Private Sector GAP schemes E.g.: GlobalGAP (EurepGAP) - TOR: Minimization of agrochemical inputs - Specific requirements regarding IPM Company policies Food industry Cotton users

My local supermarkets Agricoltura a lotta Integrata

Concluding Comments IPM helps reduce pesticide use and helps achieve selection of less hazardous products IPM is increasingly being promoted/implemented - Range: small scale farmers – multinationals - both in industrialized and developing countries Promotion of IPM should be a key element of strategies and efforts to reduce risk related to the use of chemicals A pro-active approach to involve the agricultural sector is required to capture the potential offered by IPM in the context of SAICM