Low Impact Development Pollutant Detections In Runoff From California Neighborhoods Loren Oki UC Davis, Plant Sciences Darren Haver UC Cooperative Extension, Orange County Low Impact Development Conference October 6, 2010

Project Background Evaluating Best Management Practices (BMP) effectiveness to reduce volumes and improve quality of runoff from urban environments Funding provided by: California State Water Resources Control Board CALFED Bay-Delta Program

Project Objectives Characterize runoff Single family residences Pesticides, nutrients, drinking water COCs, pathogen indicators Determine flow volumes Develop pollutant loading models Dry and wet season Measure outreach effects

Site Selection 8 sites 4 each in Sacramento (N. Cal) and Orange (S. Cal) Counties Criteria Single family homes 4-20 years old Lot size Demographics

Water Sample Collection Sampling Schedule Q1Q2Q3Q Weekly* Weekly 2007 BiweeklyWeekly 2008 Biweekly Weekly 2009 MonthlyMonthly*None 2010 NoneMonthly Sampling by Master Gardeners in Sac Co Up to 5 early storms of each season

Continuous Data Collection –Flows (depth & velocity) –Temperature –pH –Electrical conductivity –Rainfall Automated Stormwater Sampling Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki Monitoring

Continuous Data Collection –Flows (depth & velocity) –Temperature –pH –Electrical conductivity –Rainfall Automated Stormwater Sampling Remote Communication Photos: L.Oki Monitoring

Water Sample Collection UC Cooperative Extension Master Gardeners Photos: L.Oki

Analyses of Water Samples UC Riverside Gan Lab Nutrients Nitrate, TKN, Phosphate, Total P Pesticides diazinon, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids (9), fipronil Drinking Water COCs TOC, DOC, Brˉ, Clˉ, TDS, TSS, turbidity Yates Lab Pathogen indicators E. coli Total coliforms Somatic coliphages Male-specific coliphages Enterococci Clostridium perfringens Pathogens Giardia Cryptosporidium

Pesticide Detection Frequency % Detection n=62 As reported Sep 18, 2008 Detection limit= 0.5 ng/L OPs Fipronil Pyrethroids Sacramento County

Pesticide Detection Frequency % Detection n=62 OPs Fipronil Pyrethroids Sacramento County % Detection n=56 Orange County n=52 n=49

Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal S2 n n =70 n s = 9 300

Bifenthrin Concentration- S Cal S2 S1 S3S4 n n =60 n s = 9 n n =70 n s = 9 n n =69 n s = 9 n n =60 n s = Graphics: E. Lee

Bifenthrin Concentration- N Cal F1 F2 N1 N2 n n = 84 n s = 11 n n = 80 n s = Nat N4 n n = 77 n s = n n = 70 n s = 7 N3 150

Intensive Dry Weather Sampling Dry weather grab sampling –N. California- Tuesdays, 11:00-2:00 –S. California- Wednesdays, 7:00-11:00 Hourly sampling for 7 days S. California Site –June 16– 23, 2008 N. California Site –July 23-30, 2008

Sample Collection & Analyses Time 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 3 sample composite TOC TSS Nitrate Orthophosphate pH EC Turbidity 12 sample composite Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Fipronil Bifenthrin Fenpropathrin L-Cyhalothrin cis-Permethrin trans-Permethrin Cyfluthrin Esfenvalerate Deltamethrin 1 grab sample every 24 hrs for biologicals

Sacramento County Location

Synthetic Pyrethroids Northern California Southern California Bifenthrin

Fipronil Southern California Northern California 2,884.5 ppt

Dry season runoff patterns Daily Periodicity Water Depth (cm) Time of Day Tue July 1 Wed July 2 Mon July 7 Sun July 6 Sat July 5 Fri July 4 Thu July 3 Graphics: L. Oki

Dry season runoff patterns Water Depth (cm) Time of Day Tue July 1 Wed July 2 Mon July 7 Sun July 6 Sat July 5 Fri July 4 Thu July 3 Daily Periodicity Graphics: L. Oki

4 Test neighborhoods Current county land use Low & Very Low Density 50-year projected land use Wet & Dry seasons Pollutant Loading Model Multi-Scale Graphics: A. Manfree

Pollutant Load Modeling Low & Very Low Density Residential Zones Graphics: A. Manfree

Storm and Non-storm Runoff Low and Very Low Density Residential Land Use Sacramento County 38,680 acre-ft 181,911 acre-ft Graphics: A. Manfree

Thank you

Site Selection Storm drain maps Locate outfalls Delineate drainshed Identify lots Verify land use Visit outfalls Safe access

Orange County Location

Project outline Controlled experiments Residential landscape studies Load estimation Economic evaluation of BMP effectiveness Outreach of results − Local, statewide, regional Evaluating Outreach Methods UC Master Gardener Advanced Training

Evaluating Outreach Methods Community Activities

California Center for Urban Horticulture ccuh.ucdavis.edu