Translocation Objectives: *Define the term translocation **Describe the translocation of applied chemicals such as systemic pesticides throughout the plant *** Compare transpiration with translocation Starter: Name the substances carried by phloem Keywords: Translocation, pesticides, pests, systemic pesticides and contact pesticides

H/w Revise transpiration in plants for a test on 10/02/11 The word translocation means from place to place. Why is phloem is considered to be tissues for translocation whereas xylem is not? Leaves to Regions of growth and repair, respiring cells Storage organs

Glucose is a simple sugar produced by photosynthesis are converted to soluble ……….. Which is then transported to different parts of the plant. The sucrose is then broken down by an ………….. to give simple ………. That are used in …………….They are changed to ……….. For storage in the root cortex or ……….. They are also used to make …….. of new cell walls at the growing shoot and root tips. They are stored in some ………… to make them sweet and attract animals for ………… sucrose enzyme sugars respiration starch seeds cellulose fruits pollination Syrups of date palm and maple come directly from the phloem

What are pesticides? Chemicals that are used to control pests and diseases such as fungi and insects which reduce yield and spoil crops. Organic farmers do not use chemicals instead they use natural predators of pests Contact pesticides are the ones that are sprayed to kill the pests. They need to be in contact with the pest so can be ineffective . Why? Systemic pesticides are more effective as they are sprayed on the crop plants which absorb them. The pesticides are translocated to various parts of the plant by ………… Any insect feeding on the plant will ingest it . Once an insect has ingested enough pesticide it will die. Similarly fungi growing on or inside will die

Transpiration Translocation Source Sink Tissue Structure High rate on Soil Leaves, flowers and fruits Leaves Respiring tissues, shoot and root tips, storage organs like root cortex and seeds Passive process( dependent) using a tension in the xylem produce by evaporation of water Active process. The water enters the tubes to build up a head of pressure that forces the phloem sapto the sinks Xylem Columns of dead empty cells Phloem Living cells with cytoplasm Warm sunny days when plants are producing more sugar Hot windy and dry days Water and mineral ions Sucrose, amino acids and fatty acids