Groundwater Data Management for Sustainable Agriculture and Groundwater Resources in Punjab State, India Grant in aid project by NRDMS, DST, New Delhi Ecology & Environment Group National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Hyderabad – * NRDMS, Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi January 2011 L. Surinaidu V.V.S. Gurunadharao P.S. Acharya* M. Venktrayudu Ch. Appalachari

Legend District Boundary River Main canal Branch Canal District Headquarters Observation Well Scale Location of Observation wells and ERT in Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Muktsar districts of Punjab ERT INDIA

Unsaturated/Dry sand Slightly Contaminated zone Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in Nagar village, in the Jalandhar district Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in Kalma village, in the Jalandhar district Unsaturated/Dry sand Saturated zone

Unsaturated/Dry sand zone Saturated zone with fresh groundwater Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in –village, in the Ludhiana district Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in –village, in the Muktsar district Saline sandy soil Contaminated groundwater

Ground Water Level in m (amsl) Amritsar District, Punjab – July 2008

Concentration µg/l

Introduction Groundwater Information System has been developed with the purpose of drafting information on groundwater levels and groundwater quality that includes major Ions, Heavy Metals, Pesticide Residues. Groundwater data model has a standard for Web based interoperable Groundwater databases by State, District, and Villages Model is a technology-neutral conceptual model, can form basis for a web-based interchange format using evolving information technology (e.g., UML, XML, GML) & Guides implementation of Ground water databases in a common Conceptual Framework XML/GML is used for exchanging information in decentralized, distributed environment for storing, retrieving and updating

Purpose of Groundwater information system Data sharing between Groundwater Data providers to Users to get independent of local information system implementation To give access to stake holders / users to update day to day field data information The Groundwater data model presents a conceptual data-model for the Description, Classification & Interpretation The model Emphasizes Groundwater concepts and Relationships related to information presented on Groundwater Information System

Snapshot from Groundwater Information System of Amritsar and Jalandhar Districts Website

Switching over to OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) Standards (Open Source) UML Models XSD Schema WFS/WMS Services through Geoserver WFS will generate data in GML WMS will generate Maps

Geoserver PostgresSQL/PostGIS Rational Rose Open layers

Conceptualization of Groundwater Information System Step 1- Review of Groundwater Datasets: The task initiated & organized data sets of groundwater quality of Major Ions, Heavy metals, Pesticide Residues and groundwater level data collected in the field & analytes determined for 4 times at NGRI during last two hydrological cycles Step 2 - Data Presentation: Available map Hydro Features have been digitized as.shp (ESRI shape files) using Openjump (java unified mapping platform) Attribute data i.e., groundwater levels and water quality data etc., incorporated Groundwater related data sets as Point Features Ex: Groundwater observation wells, Groundwater levels & Water quality data Line Feature deployed for Groundwater Contours, Streams and Canals whereas Polygon Feature used for Rivers, Districts & State boundaries.

Conceptualization of Groundwater Information System Step 3 - Data base incorporation: All feature classes have been stored into PostgresSQL Step 4 - Data Model Design: UML Groundwater relational data model prepared using Rational Rose and converted into.XSD

Data Model Design UML is an acronym for Unified Modeling Language; Unified Combines the best from existing object oriented Software modeling methodologies & it is primarily a graphical language that allows a Precise Syntax In UML “class” is any “thing” in the enterprise that is to be represented in the database Each class is uniquely defined by its set of attributes, also called properties in Object Oriented languages Classes are depicted as Boxes with 3 Sections Top one indicates the name of the class Middle lists the attributes of the class Third one lists the methods UML class diagrams show classes of the system, interrelationships viz., Inheritance, Aggregation & Association, Operations & Attributes of Classes Class diagrams used for a wide variety of purposes, include both Conceptual /Domain Modeling & Detailed Design Modeling

Associations Objects are often associated with or related to other objects Associations are modeled as Lines connecting the two Classes whose instances (objects) are involved in the relationship Aggregation: Is a class type represents a collection of individual components

Generalization Generalization association between two classes puts them in a hierarchy representing the concept of inheritance of a derived class from a base class. In UML, Generalizations are represented by a line connecting the two classes, with an arrow on the side of the base class Visibility In object-oriented design, there is a notation of visibility for attributes & operations UML identifies 3 types of visibility: Public, Protected & Private

Groundwater Data Model

Advantages The framework developed in the research could be used to empower local people and local governments in sustainably managing soil and groundwater resources for Sustainable Agriculture Avoids duplication of data and increase transparency of the data Sharable by GIS vendor packages Browsers capable of displaying GML/ SVG files User free to choose styling / cartography Usable on XML-enabled devices including PDAs or cell phones Improved quality of graphic displays