A glimpse below… The soil food web Teri C. Balser, Assistant Professor, UW-Madison

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Fundamentals of Soil Science

Advertisements

THE SOIL FOOD WEB. Soil Biology and the Landscape.

Soil Biology – A Primer* Who is who & What do they do? * primer isn’t a complete review of Ch 11.

THE SOIL FOOD WEB. Soil Biology and the Landscape.

Soil It’s Alive!!!!!!. What is soil? Soil is the top layer of the Earth’s surface. You might call it dirt.

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ABBOTTS COLLEGE.

By C. Kohn.  Take a moment and create your own definition of soil.  When instructed, discuss your definition with a partner. Try to come to a consensus.

Ecosystem Ecology. Basic ecosystem - nutrient cycling in red, energy flow in grey.

Composting for Sustainability

SOIL BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

THE LIVING SOIL. Functions of soil Support plant growth Regulate water flow Absorb and transform pollutants Habitat for living organisms  Soil Quality.

Organic Agriculture: Microbial Activity and Soil Health Warren Roberts Jim Shrefler Merritt Taylor Lane Agricultural Center OSU.

Ecosystems are made up of both living and nonliving things

Soil organic matter and soil organisms. Soil biomass (living organic matter) = living plants and animals and micro-organisms.

Soils & Biology.

Kingdoms of life  Eukaryotes have cell membranes and nuclei  All species of large complex organisms are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi,

SOIL BIOLOGY. There are a DIVERSITY of ORGANISMS in SOIL There are a DIVERSITY of ORGANISMS in SOIL SIZE SIZE MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS MACROORGANISMS.

Soil Microbial activity and nitrogen. Physical elements {TILTH} Physical elements {TILTH} – e.g. sand, silt, clay, organic material and aggregates (SOIL.

Ecology The world around us.

Chapter 3 - Ecosystems.

4-2: What Shapes an Ecosystem? Biology 1. Ecology tell you where an organism lives Ecology also tells you about the climate What shapes the ecosystem.

Life in the Soil Ch 5. Soil teems with life... 1 teaspoon of fertile soil could contain: 100 nematodes 250,000 algae 300,000 amoeba 450,000 fungi 11,700,000.

BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 VOCAB ONLY

Ecology of Fungi. Many fungi are saprobes – food from decaying organic matter All fungi are heterotrophs.

Introduction to the Fungi Basic phylogeny How many fungi do you see?? There is only one fungus. In this picture. Most of it is underground. Each of.

The Nitrogen Cycle The basics….. Essential Question: How does the addition of fertilizer impact the both soil and water quality? Warmup- Porosity and.

 Define terms related to natural resources.  Explain why conservation of natural resources is important.  Identify major components of soil.  Identify.

Bacteria What kind of microorganisms are bacteria?

Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi Ch. 21 Fungi. What are Fungi?  Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls  Chitin - makes up cell walls, a.

ABSTRACT Species in natural communities are linked together by the transfer of energy and nutrients. We investigated the effects of top predators on nutrient.

Sources of nutrients to terrestrial systems

Soil Biology – A Primer Who is who & What do they do? Elizabeth Sulzman, Oregon State & T. Kittel.

Early Soil Scientists?!.

The Nitrogen Cycle The basics…..

Introduction to the Fungi. Basic phylogeny How many fungi do you see?? There is only one fungus. In this picture. Most of it is underground. Each of.

How farming affects parts of an ecosystem. Review questions Where does our food come from? How is our food supply dependent of ecosystems? How do current.

Mulching and Soil Biology What’s Going On? Rex A. Bastian The Davey Tree Expert Company The Care of Trees 2371 South Foster Wheeling, IL

The protists are the most basal eukaryotes -Every eukaryrote that is not a plant, animal, of fungus is a protist (negative definition) -Phylogeny not well.

Unit 1: Interaction of Living Things Plus: Highest Tide.

© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

LECTURE 14 Soil Organisms. Diversity… Size of organisms. Types of diversity Species diversity Functional diversity Ecosystem dynamics Functional redundancy.

Ecology Populations Review. Define ecology The study of the interaction of living organisms with each other in their physical environment.

AND HOW UNDERSTANDING IT CAN MAKE GARDENING EASIER FOR YOU The Hidden Soil Food Web.

Water Channels Baja Desert, Mexico We need to stop under-estimating the purpose, function & structure of plant root systems We need to regenerate soils,

Bacterial vs Fungal Grass – usually bacterially dominated soil

The study of the interactions among organisms and their interrelationships with the physical environment.

Microorganisms Biology 11(C). Viruses compared to Prokaryotes (bacteria) – Contrasting: Viruses need a host to reproduce while prokaryotes reproduce independently.

ECOLOGY. WHAT IS ECOLOGY? The study of the relationships between organisms in an environment. The key idea is that organisms depend on each other within.

THE SOIL FOOD WEB. Soil Biology and the Landscape.

Advanced Biology. Ecology – the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their.

4.2 Niches and Community Interactions

Ecology Ecology is the study of organisms within their environment. Ecology is the study of organisms within their environment. Matter cycles Matter cycles.

The Science Behind Soil Critters

Symbiotic Relationships and Microorganism Interactions

Microbial Ecology.

and “Biotic Regulation”

Define the term Biotic, then give an example

Preview Chapter 18 Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response

Food chain By: Angel Purgason.

Levels of Organization

SOIL Soil TE3 Analyze soil as an integral component of

Soil Organisms Dr. Lori Gourneau Cankdeska Cikana Community College

An environment is made up of all the living and non-living things with which an organism (living thing) may interact.

What elements do all living things need?

Bacteria Approximately 300-3,000 lbs/acre

Food Chain By: Dylan Sage.

By: Casey Harris Food Chain.

Food Chain By: Robert Andrew.

Presentation transcript:

A glimpse below… The soil food web Teri C. Balser, Assistant Professor, UW-Madison

What is soil biology? What role does it play in soil quality?

Soil organisms are involved in nearly every aspect of soil quality Organic matter Nitrate Leaching Soil Community Nutrient cycling Structure/Aggregation Humification Decomposition

In order to understand how biology affects our soils - we need to understand a little about the organisms who live there

Water Soil particles Plant roots Soil is a habitat

Soil is alive… For example, in 1g of soil: >100,000,000 bacterial cells >11,000 species of bacteria Also fungi and larger animals

Who’s there? Macrofauna: Soil ‘Engineers’

TermiteSnail Earthworm Vole Soil Animals Centipede Pseudoscorpion

1.Decomposition (shredding residues) 2.Mixing soil (aeration) Decomposition rate of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) Soil animals are important for

Who’s there? Mesofauna: Soil predators, pathogens, herbivores

Soil mesofauna Nematodes Mites Protozoa

Soil mesofauna Nematodes Mites Protozoa Soil mesofauna are important for 1.Residue decomposition 1.Predation 1.Pathogenesis

Microorganisms: Soil process controllers

Soil microorganisms Fungi Bacteria

Filamentous growth What are the advantages of filamentous habit?

Fungi Filamentous growth Functionally critical! -Wood degrading -Mycorrhizal association myco (fungus) + rhiza (root) (Symbiotic structure formed by a fungus plus a plant)

Source: Harrison et al 1999 Roots without mycorrhizae

Source: Harrison et al 1999 Roots with mycorrhizae

Bacteria Small, single celled ~2µm What is the importance of small size?

Bacteria Small, single celled Abundant Bacteria Fungi Conventionaltillage No-till Prairie Forest

Bacteria Small, single celled Abundant Diverse - taxonomically and functionally!

Diversity in soil is important for nitrogen cycling.

Relationship to soil quality?

Diversity may be important in response to management

Ecosystem Microbiology Laboratory, UW-Madison ( Teri C. Balser USDA-CREES, NSF, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, NASA Lab members: Jessica Mentzer, Jenny Kao, Liang Chao, Nicole Craig, Lindsey Moritz, Meredith Schuman, Dr. David Bart, Dr. Daouda Ndaiye, Dr. Harry Read THANK YOU!