Case Review Session: Limb Salvage

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Arterial Fibrodysplasia
Advertisements

Infrapopliteal Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Bare Metal Stents for Critical Limb Ischemia: Long-Term Angiographic and Clinical Outcome in >100 Patients Dimitris.
Multivessel PCI procedure complicated with fracture of the wire Marcin D ę binski, MD Head: Pawel E. Buszman, MD, FACC University Hospital of Silesia,
Single Center Experience with Drug Eluting Stents for Infrapopliteal Occlusive Disease in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia: Mid-term follow up Robert.
The Cramping Leg Management of peripheral vascular disease
Rotablation or Balloon Immediate and 6 month results of a trial in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion Layth A. Mimish, M. Bakhshi, J. Buraiki,
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE: A VASCULAR SURGEON’S POINT OF VIEW
When the blood vessels become obstructed, the tissues do not receive the necessary circulation to thrive. Over time, the area may become.
Superficial Femoral Artery Stents - Bare, Covered, or Drug-Coated – “The Data and The HYPE” Dennis F. Bandyk, MD Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery.
CORONARY PRESSURE MEASURENT AND FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE
“Outpatient Arteriography and Arterial Intervention in Octogenarians. Is It Safe?” George G. Hartnell Baystate Medical Center Springfield, MA Safe at Any.
Call for CASES Leszek D. Stachaczyk, MD Pawel Buszman, MD, FESC, FSCAI American Heart of Poland, Ustroñ, Poland & CCU, Upper-Silesian Center of Cardiology,
Evaluation of ReeKross balloon catheter in treating iliofemoral artery chronic total occlusions Xinwu Lu Vascular Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University.
Esiti del trattamento con angioplastica transluminale percutanea (PTA) agli arti inferiori nei pazienti diabetici in trattamento dialitico con ischemia.
Devices and Techniques for Extreme Interventions Below the Knee
Aims To evaluate the technical and clinical outcome of percutaneous transluminal infra-popliteal angioplasties (PTIA) +/- stenting in a subgroup of patients.
Achieving Acute Success and Durable Results with Complete Total Occlusion? Christopher J. Kwolek, MD FACS Harvard Medical School Division of Vascular and.
Endovascular treatment on tandem lesions of cranial arteries Xiao-Long Zhang, MD, PhD Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital,Fudan University Shanghai.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease Copyright: American College of Chest Physicians 2012 © Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention.
Date of download: 6/2/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Retrograde Techniques and the Impact of Operator.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
D.DELEANU, M.CROITORU BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. BTK Interventions ? BTK disease = claudication and CLI BTK interventions = CLI Main goal of CLI therapy = functional.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
End points in PTCA trials. A successful angioplasty is defined as the reduction of a minimum stenosis diameter to
The angiosome theory to guide revascularization for CLI
Richard F. Neville, MD Professor, Department of Surgery
The angiosome concept; open and endovascular treatment of CLI
The Endocross Enabler-P: First in-Human Results
Adel Gamal, MD and Mohamed Saber, Msc
Subclavian, Innominate & Vertebral Artery Treatment
Intervention for Chronic Lower Extremity Venous Obstruction
Anticoagulation after peripheral Vascular Intervention
Strategies to Improve Inadequate Guide Catheter Support
Multi Modality Approach to Diagnosis of Ischemia in Post CABG Cases
Direct access of the SFA: step by step
Complex Ostial Disease of the Aortic Arch Vessels
Michael Siah, M.D. Medstar Georgetown University Hospital
Treating Infrapopliteal Disease Using a Primarily Retrograde Technique
Stent Graft for the Treatment of ISR:
Pediatric cardiac catheterization Part 1 - balloon procedures David Shim, MD The Heart Center Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio.
Acute Arterial Clot Management
Antithrombotic Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease
Crossing SFA-Popliteal Artery CTO’s
The Winking Saphenous Vein Graft: Acute Aorto-Vein Graft Anastomotic Torsional Kink causing Dynamic Systolic Compression Complicating Vein Graft PCI Dr.
Renal Unit-Careggi University Hospital-Florence-Italy
How to do endovascular mechanical thrombaspiration
SFA Access for TASC D lesions.
The Role of Interventional Treatment for The Failing Grafts
Recanilization of Central Venous Total Occlusions
Percutaneous Reconstruction of the Aortoiliac Bifurcation
Essesntials for CTO Recanalization
ALAA GABI, MD SUPERVISOR: MEHIAR EL-HAMDANI, MD
Tibiotibial vein bypass grafts: A new operation for limb salvage
Subintimal angioplasty SFA 148 patients
Can duplex scan arterial mapping replace contrast arteriography as the test of choice before infrainguinal revascularization?  Reese A. Wain, MD, George.
VASCULAR SURGERY STATIONS
Marlin Wayne Causey, MD, Morohunranti O
Incidence and management of restenosis after treatment of unprotected left main disease with drug-eluting stents: 70 restenotic cases from a cohort of.
Predictive value of angiographic scores for the integrated management of the ischemic diabetic foot  Irene Bargellini, MD, Alberto Piaggesi, MD, Antonio.
Percutaneous revascularization strategies in a patient with previous coronary artery bypass surgery: Technical and patho-physiological insights  Pierfrancesco.
Endovascular therapy for limb salvage in a case of critical lower limb ischemia resulting from fibromuscular dysplasia  Osamu Iida, MD, Shinsuke Nanto,
Tatsuya Nakama, Yoshisato Shibata, Kenji Ogata, Nehiro Kuriyama 
Walter J. McCarthy, MD, William H. Pearce, MD, William R
Division of Endovascular Interventions
Current status of thrombolytic therapy
Vascular Surgery Michael Ricci, MD.
Dr: Hamed Al-Ghamdi CONSULTANT VASCULAR SURGERY
Steven P. Rivers, MD, Larry Scher, MD, Frank J. Veith, MD 
Peripheral artery and bypass graft thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator  Robert A. Graor, M.D., Barbara Risius, M.D.,
Peripheral Vascular Intervention
Presentation transcript:

Case Review Session: Limb Salvage Interventions in Diabetic Patients: The Diabetic Foot L. Graziani M.D. Servizio di Emodinamica Istituto Clinico “Città di Brescia” Brescia (Italy) www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic Arteriopathy In diabetic population the incidence of arteriopathy is 14% after 2 years of diabetes, 15% after 10 years and 45% after 20 years.(#) In diabetic population the risk of developing lower limb critical ischemia is 5 times greater than in normal population. In particular ischemic ulcers and gangrene are present in about 10% of old diabetic people: this condition is commonly defined “Ischaemic Diabetic Foot”. (§) # Melton LJ, Macken KM, et al. Diabetes Care 1980,3:650-654. § Krolewski AS, Warren JH, in: Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus (ed. 12). Philadelphia, Pa, Lea & Febiger, pp 12-42. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Characteristics of diabetic arteriopathy “In addition to atherosclerotic changes, the vessels of diabetic patients are characterized by increased amounts of connective tissue, such as fibronectin, collagen, and glycoproteins, as well as increased amounts of calcium in the medial layer of the arterial wall, a constellation named diabetic macroangiopathy. These changes lead to a loss of elasticity of the arterial wall”. International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 1992:1435-1446. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Massive medial calcifications Case 1 Result Before PTA www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

ISCHAEMIC DIABETIC FOOT : INDICATIONS FOR REVASCULARIZATION RISK OF AMPUTATION - TO REDUCE THE LEVEL CRITICAL LIMB ISCHAEMIA PAIN AT REST (BUT PRESENT ONLY IN ABOUT 50% OF ISCHAEMIC ULCERS !) (#) ULCERATIONS (OFTEN AT THE ONSET !), EVEN HEALED SYMPTOMATIC CLAUDICATION (OFTEN ABSENT→ NEUROPATHY !) (§) DECREASED TRANSCUTANEOUS OXYGEN TENSION (TcPO2 < 50mmHg) (‡) # J Diabetes Complications. 1998;12:96-102, § Diabetes Care. 2001; 24:78-83, ‡ J Vasc Surg 31, 1, 2000 www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic foot: Revascularization Procedure Antegrade approach Low-profile (coronary type) wires and catheters Long (8-10 cm) balloons, if needed Prolonged inflations (3-8 min !!) using low-compliant balloons at high pressure (13-18 Atm) Accurate choice of suitable balloon size Rotablator® for some short recurrences Avoid using Stents, particularly below the knee! Effective antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel, ticlopidine) www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Case 2 STENTING Male, 69 yrs, IDDM, previous fem-pop by-pass graft, persistence of the right foot ischaemic ulcer. Procedure: Antegrade approach, ant. Tibial occlusion crossed with an extra support, hydrophilic coronary wire and 3.5mm balloon, Magic Wallstent® deployment. Final balloon dilatation. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic foot: Treatment strategy Diabetic patients can develop ischaemic foot ulcer (TcPo2 <50mmHg) even for occlusion of a single leg artery due to lack of collaterals In these subjects collaterals are usually and typically poor, particularly from Peroneal to Tibials, therefore… …optimal revascularization procedure aims to obtain direct flow up to the foot preferably through the Pedal (anterior Tibial) or Plantar (posterior Tibial) artery In presence of ischaemic foot ulcer, Extensive Angioplasty (to recanalize as many arteries as possible) is always preferable (J Intern Med 2002;252:225-232) Lesion site influences the choice of the tibial artery to be recanalized (calcanear→ post. Tibial; forefoot→ ant. Tibial) In some cases stenotic collaterals (i.e. from Peroneal to Pedal/Plantar) can be successfully dilated www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Male, 70 yrs. NIDDM, TcPO2 = 32 mmHg Male, 70 yrs. NIDDM, TcPO2 = 32 mmHg !, previous 4th and 5th ray amputation due to ischaemic necrosis. Recent onset of mid-foot ulcer due to foot malposition. Isolate occlusion of Anterior Tibial. PTA → .014 hydrophilic coronary wire and 2.5mm balloon. Before PTA Result Case 3 www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Same ulcer 2 months Post-PTA. SAME CASE Mid-foot ulcer (Grade IV of Wagner Classification), before PTA. TcPO2 = 35mmHg Same ulcer 2 months Post-PTA. TcPO2 significantly improves: 65mmHg www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic foot: Treatment strategy Diabetic patients can develop ischaemic foot ulcer (TcPo2 <50mmHg) even for occlusion of a single leg artery due to lack of collaterals In these subjects collaterals are usually and typically poor, particularly from Peroneal to Tibials… … therefore optimal revascularization procedure aims to obtain direct flow up to the foot preferably through the Pedal (anterior Tibial) or Plantar (posterior Tibial) artery In presence of ischaemic foot ulcer, Extensive Angioplasty (to recanalize as many arteries as possible) is always preferable (J Intern Med 2002;252:225-232) Lesion site influences the choice of the tibial artery to be recanalized (calcanear→ post. Tibial; forefoot→ ant. Tibial) In some cases stenotic collaterals (i.e. from Peroneal to Pedal/Plantar) can be successfully dilated www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Before PTA Result Case 4 Poor collaterals www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic foot: Treatment strategy Diabetic patients can develop ischaemic foot ulcer (TcPo2 <50mmHg) even for occlusion of a single leg artery due to lack of collaterals In these subjects collaterals are usually and typically poor, particularly from Peroneal to Tibials… … therefore optimal revascularization procedure aims to obtain direct flow up to the foot preferably through the Pedal (anterior Tibial) or Plantar (posterior Tibial) artery In presence of ischaemic foot ulcer, Extensive Angioplasty (to recanalize as many arteries as possible) is always preferable (J Intern Med 2002;252:225-232) Lesion site influences the choice of the tibial artery to be recanalized (calcanear→ post. Tibial; forefoot→ ant. Tibial) In some cases stenotic collaterals (i.e. from Peroneal to Pedal/Plantar) can be successfully dilated www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Case 5 Male, 63 yrs, NIDDM, critical leg ischaemia, pain at rest, foot ulcer. Complete occlusion of distal post. Tib. and Plantar. Diffuse stenosis and occlusion of the Pedal, stenosed Peroneal artery Procedure: Pedal artery obstruction crossed with an .014 coronary extra-support hydrophilic wire, followed by a 2.0 and 2.5Ø balloon catheter dilatation. Rest pain ceased immediately and major amputation was avoided. Pedal www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Before PTA Result Another case… Case 6 Plantar www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic foot: Treatment strategy Diabetic patients can develop ischaemic foot ulcer (TcPo2 <50mmHg) even for occlusion of a single leg artery due to lack of collaterals In these subjects collaterals are usually and typically poor, particularly from Peroneal to Tibials… … therefore optimal revascularization procedure aims to obtain direct flow up to the foot preferably through the Pedal (anterior Tibial) or Plantar (posterior Tibial) artery In presence of ischaemic foot ulcer, Extensive Angioplasty (to recanalize as many arteries as possible) is always preferable (J Intern Med 2002;252:225-232) Lesion site influences the choice of the tibial artery to be recanalized (calcanear→ post. Tibial; forefoot→ ant. Tibial) In some cases stenotic collaterals (i.e. from Peroneal to Pedal/Plantar) can be successfully dilated www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Before PTA Case 7 Female, 70 yrs, IDDM, rest pain with ischaemic left foot ulcer. Procedure: occlusions were crossed with a regular 4 Fr/.035 catheter-wire system and a .014 coronary wire. Prolonged inflations with 2.5, 3.5 and 5.0 Ø balloon catheters were performed. Rest pain ceased, foot ulcer healed and major amputation was avoided. Case 7 www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Result Considerations: Revascularization procedure must include as many stenotic segments as possible. Luckily, long fem-pop and tibial occlusions in diabetic patients are rarely associated with evident thrombosis, unless previous By-Pass surgery was performed. In fact, most below-the-knee thrombolysis procedures are related to occlusive complications after By-Pass surgery. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Before PTA Male, 65 yrs, NIDDM, ischaemic left foot ulcer. Severe stenosis of Peroneal, ant. Tibial, Pedal and Plantar arteries. Procedure: Antegrade approach, .014 hydrophilic “intermediate” coronary wire was advanced along the Pedal and the major branch of the Plantar artery. Stenoses dilatation using 2.5 and 3.0Ø balloon catheter was performed. Balloons were inflated at16 Atm for 4 minutes each time. Foot ulcer healed in few weeks. Case 8 www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Result Considerations: Direct flow along the entire length of ONE Tibial artery is usually necessary to promote ulcer healing. Direct flow along TWO Tibial arteries represents the most favorable condition for ulcer healing. In the majority of cases, obtaining direct flow along a solitary Peroneal artery, provides little improvement of TcPO2 measurement, due to lack of collaterals to the foot. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic foot: Treatment strategy Diabetic patients can develop ischaemic foot ulcer (TcPo2 <50mmHg) even for occlusion of a single leg artery due to lack of collaterals In these subjects collaterals are usually and typically poor, particularly from Peroneal to Tibials… … therefore optimal revascularization procedure aims to obtain direct flow up to the foot preferably through the Pedal (anterior Tibial) or Plantar (posterior Tibial) artery In presence of ischaemic foot ulcer, Extensive Angioplasty (to recanalize as many arteries as possible) is always preferable (J Intern Med 2002;252:225-232) Lesion site influences the choice of the tibial artery to be recanalized (calcanear→ post. Tibial; forefoot→ ant. Tibial) In some cases stenotic collaterals (i.e. from Peroneal to Pedal/Plantar) can be successfully dilated www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Diabetic foot: Treatment strategy Diabetic patients can develop ischaemic foot ulcer (TcPo2 <50mmHg) even for occlusion of a single leg artery due to lack of collaterals In these subjects collaterals are usually and typically poor, particularly from Peroneal to Tibials… … therefore optimal revascularization procedure aims to obtain direct flow up to the foot preferably through the Pedal (anterior Tibial) or Plantar (posterior Tibial) artery In presence of ischaemic foot ulcer, Extensive Angioplasty (to recanalize as many arteries as possible) is always preferable (J Intern Med 2002;252:225-232) Lesion site influences the choice of the tibial artery to be recanalized (calcanear→ post. Tibial; forefoot→ ant. Tibial) In some cases stenotic collaterals (i.e. from Peroneal to Pedal/Plantar) can be successfully dilated www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Before PTA Case 9 Male, 63 yrs IDDM with ischaemic foot ulcer. Diffuse occlusion of all leg arteries. Procedure: a .014 wire was advanced along the peroneal up to the plantar, through a collateral. A 2.0 and 2.5 mmØ, 10 cm long balloon was used. 4x3 min inflations at 12-14 Atm, using a semi-compliant balloon. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Result Considerations: Mönckeberg’s medial calcifications may act as rails to guide the wire while maintaining a correct centroluminal position. This is particularly useful in case of long occlusion recanalization. Also collaterals between peroneal and plantar or pedal artery, present diffuse connective thickening of the arterial wall. In these branches it could represent a protective factor against arterial rupture during balloon inflation.

Before PTA Result Another case… Case 10 2x100mm balloon www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Conclusions 1 From: Rosenfield, Vale, Isner, in: Topol, Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2nd Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002 “In patients with rest pain or ischemic ulceration, restoration of uninterrupted patency of at least one of the three major infrapopliteal arteries is generally required . In this group of patients, aggressive application of percutaneous revascularization may achieve extremely gratifying results, even in patients with calcified and/or lengthy total occlusions”. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it

Conclusions 2 From: Rosenfield, Vale, Isner, in: Topol, Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2nd Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002 “…the incidence of restenosis—which remains high—should not be a factor in the decision to use a percutaneous approach for what is, in many of these patients, a short-term problem. If uninterrupted patency of even one vessel can be achieved, the improvement in antegrade nutrient flow is typically adequate to facilitate limb salvage. Once healed, most patients will do satisfactorily, even in the face of documented reocclusion or restenosis”. www.extrem-es-angioplasty.it