Does Multiple Intelligence Strength Effect Basic Computer Abilities? Stephen R. Marvin, Ed.D. Eric D. Marvin, Ed.D. Fethi Inan, M.S.

 Education system is “falling short in preparing individuals for the new economy.” (NGA, 2002, p. 7)  Employers are concerned about a lack of 21 st Century workforce skills. (NGA, 2002)

U.S. Department of Education, 2001, p.2  to “improve student academic achievement through the use of technology in elementary schools and secondary schools.”

U.S. Department of Education, 2001, p.2 to ensure that “every student is technologically literate.”  to ensure that “every student is technologically literate.”

NETS for Students Designed to, “provide teachers, technology planners, teachers preparation institutions, and educational decision makers with frameworks and standards to guide them in establishing enriched learning environments supported by technology.” National Educational Technology Standards for Students (June, 1998) International Society for Technology in Education in collaboration with the Milken Exchange on Education Technology.

NETS for Students 1.Basic operations and concepts 2.Social, ethical, and human issues 3.Technology productivity tools 4.Technology communications tools 5.Technology research tools 6.Technology problem-solving and decision-making tools National Educational Technology Standards for Students (June, 1998) International Society for Technology in Education in collaboration with the Milken Exchange on Education Technology.

Governors are working on programs and policies to improve K-12 students’: Computing Skills Problem-Solving Abilities Collaboration Skills Reading and Writing Abilities

21 st Century Technology Skills Multiple Intelligence Theory Focused on enhancing students’ abilities Workforce skills

Dr. Howard Gardner: –“The challenge confronting educators is to figure out how to help individuals employ their distinctive intellectual profiles to help master the tasks and disciplines needed to thrive in society” (Gardner, 1996, p. 4).

Intelligence Traditional View of Intelligence Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

MI THEORY Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Musical Spatial Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist

Verbal / Linguistic Pencil, pen, worksheets, textbooks, newspaper, magazine, typewriter Intrapersonal Journals, diaries, surveys, voting machines, learning centers, children’s literature Spatial Picture books, art supplies, chalkboard, dry erase board, overhead projector, slide projector, TV/VCR, camera, video camera

What research has been conducted? –Walter McKenzie –ISTE Publication

Technology Implementation into Education “The only way to ensure that technologies purchased and implemented will be successful in the classroom is to make sure they are well-grounded in instructional and learning theory, thoughtfully implemented, and then reflected upon. And no theory is more capable of matching technology to learners than Gardner’s model” (McKenzie, 2002).

Verbal-Linguistic: Keyboarding, electronic mail, speech recognition devices, online chats, PDF files, word processing, desktop publishing Logical-Mathematical: Spreadsheets, databases, graphing calculators, gophers, search engines, webquests Spatial: Monitor, digital camera, digital camcorder, scanner, animation, timelines, digital drawing pads, concept mapping, charts and graphs, paint programs Bodily-Kinesthetic: Mouse, joystick, claymation, video production, robotics Musical: Speakers, CD-ROM disks, CD-ROM players, DVDs, music clips, interactive books with audio elements Intrapersonal: Online forms, computer-based journaling, concept maps, multimedia portfolios Interpersonal: Chat, message boards, instant messengers, chain writing, teleconferencing, projects Naturalist: Floppy drive, file manager, semantic mapping tools, audio and video cameras, databases, spreadsheets Adapted from: (McKenzie, 2002, p. 30) and (Lamb, 2001).

Categories of Software Tutorial – offers content, concepts, and skills with the opportunity for their application Guided Practice – teaches application of specific skills with support, interaction, and feedback Independent Practice – uses a specific skill to reach an identified goal Assessment – evaluates student mastery of specified skills and concepts through appropriate tasks Heuristic – requires problem-solving skills that provide more than one strategy to successfully complete the tasks Productivity – uses writing, composing, organizing, sorting, calculating, drawing, painting, and publishing Simulation – provides a vicarious experience for students through electronic means

Software by Intelligence Tutorial: Logical-Mathematical, Verbal-Linguistic Assessment: Logical-Mathematical, Verbal-Linguistic Guided Practice: Logical-Mathematical, Verbal- Linguistic, Musical, Naturalist Independent Practice: Logical-Mathematical, Verbal- Linguistic, Musical, Naturalist, Intrapersonal Heuristic: Logical-Mathematical, Verbal-Linguistic, Musical, Naturalist, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal Simulation: Logical-Mathematical, Verbal-Linguistic, Musical, Naturalist, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic Productivity: Logical-Mathematical, Verbal-Linguistic, Musical, Naturalist, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic

Purpose of the Study Collect and Analyze Data on High School Students Explore Intellectual Plurality as it Relates to Technology Skills Examine Differences Among the MI Domains of the Students When Compared with Their Technological Abilities

Significance of the Study Research Suggests If the Academic Needs Are Not Met, Then Rate of Academic Success Decreases. Useful Data For Increasing Student Technological Abilities

Research Methodology Population and Sample Instruments Data Collection Data Analysis

Means and Standard Deviations Across Grade Levels Findings

Means and Standard Deviations of Male and Female Students Scores

Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations for Regression of Excel and PowerPoint performance score (N = 60)

Results of Regression of Multiple Intelligences on Excel and PowerPoint performance *p <.05; ** p <.001

Summaries of findings Female students have higher Excel and Power Point scores Students multiple intelligence score in math significantly explain students’ Excel and PowerPoint performance.

Conclusions Support Multiple Intelligences with technology. Provide a learning environment that supports students’ Multiple Intelligences strengths. Logical/Mathematical Intelligence tends to influence students’ Excel and PowerPoint performance. Improve instructional strategies to accommodate various multiple intelligence strengths.

Suggestions for Future Research Replicate the study in a non-computer course. Replicate the study with different computer applications. Does the use of productivity tools impact students’ multiple intelligence strengths?