Introduction to the Dryad Digital Repository A nonprofit repository for data underlying the international scientific and medical literature. April 2013 DataDryad.org 1

The End – To make data archiving and reuse standard within scientific communication. The Means – Enable low-burden data archiving at the time of manuscript submission. – Promote researcher benefits from data archiving. – Promote responsible data reuse. – Empower journals, societies & publishers in shared governance. – Ensure sustainability and long-term preservation. The Scope – Research data in science and medicine – Primarily data underlying findings in peer-reviewed articles – Also data from some non-peer reviewed publications (e.g. dissertations) – And some non-data content (e.g. software scripts, figures) DataDryad.org 2

The value proposition For authors and researchers, Dryad… – increases the impact of, and citations to, published research – preserves and makes available others’ data – frees researchers from the burden of data preservation and access For journals, publishers, and societies, Dryad… – frees journals from the burden of maintaining supplemental data – supports all varieties of data archiving policies For libraries and institutions, Dryad… – makes data available at no cost, under clear terms of use – helps fulfill their research data management mandates For funders, Dryad… – provides a cost-effective mechanism to make research more accessible DataDryad.org 3

Data archiving has many benefits Modified from Beagrie et al. (2009) Keeping Research Data Safe 2 Direct Verification of published research Preserving accessibility to data Allowing reuse and repurposing of data Discoverability of data Indirect (costs avoided) Redundant data collection Inefficient legacy data curation Burden of sharing-upon-request Opportunity cost of science not done Near term Protection against personnel turnover Availability for review and validation Long term Secure long-term stewardship Increased impact per publication Private Increased citations New collaborations New research opportunities Fulfilling funding mandates Public More efficient use of research dollars Public trust in science Educational opportunities Improved methodologies More informed policy 4 DataDryad.org

Dryad focuses on the long tail of orphan data Volume Rank frequency of datatype Specialized repositories (e.g. GenBank, GBIF) Orphan data After Heidorn (2008) Many datasets belong to the long tail. Though less standardized, they can be rich in information content and have unique value 5 DataDryad.org

Why use Dryad rather than Supplementary Online Materials? DryadSOM Discoverable: indexed and exposed to both web and bibliographic search engines ✔✗ Identifiable: DataCite DOIs within articles serve as permanent, resolvable identifiers ✔✗*✗* Permanent: processes in place to promote preservation (incl. format migration) ✔✔ / ✗ ** Curated: quality control by both automated processes and human inspection ✔✗*✗* Ease of deposit: streamlined deposit, allowance for large and complex datasets ✔✔ / ✗ ** Formatted for reuse: support for non-PDF file formats ✔✔ / ✗ ** Updatable: new versions of data files can be added, metadata can be enhanced ✔✗ Support for embargoes: can delay release of data in accordance with journal policy ✔✗ Free reuse: no paywall, clear terms of reuse (all data released under CC Zero) ✔✔ / ✗ ** Economy of scale: cost efficiency from shared infrastructure ✔✔ / ✗ ** Alignment to organizational mission: focus on archiving and reuse of scientific data ✔✗ * A few publisher SOM sites are exceptions to the general rule ** Practices differ among publishers, see Smit (2011), doi: /january2011-smit 6 DataDryad.org

Researchers and journals are using Dryad for archiving DataDryad.org 7

…and using the data for research DataDryad.org 8

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10 JournalIntegration Date Data Packages Data Downloads Ave. downloads per package All Journals ,39646 Molecular Ecology ,60438 Evolution ,52433 American Naturalist ,19554 Journal of Evolutionary Biology ,72928 Journals benefit when data is reused A “Data Package” is all of the data files for a journal article. All Dryad data packages link to the associated journal article.

Dryad integrates article and data submission Dryad works with the manuscript workflow of journals to: – Simplify the process of data submission for authors, – Allow authors to deposit, to a single repository, gigabytes of data files in their original formats, – Ensure permanent bidirectional links between the article and the data, and increased visibility for both, – Ensure that the data is accessible once the article becomes available, – Offer the option of making data available for editorial or peer review, via secure access for editors and reviewers, – Give authors the option to embargo public access to data for a limited time after publication, if permitted by the journal's data policy. Options are customized to meet the requirements of each journal. DataDryad.org 11

Over 30 integrated partner journals The American Naturalist Biology Letters BMJ Open Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Ecological Monographs eLife Evolutionary Applications Evolution Functional Ecology gms German Medical Science Heredity Journal of Animal Ecology Journal of Evolutionary Biology Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management Journal of Heredity Journal of Open Public Health Data Journal of Paleontology Methods in Ecology and Evolution Molecular Ecology and M.E. Resources Paleobiology PLoS Biology, PLOS Genetics Systematic Biology ZooKeys & 7 other Pensoft journals.. and more being added regularly DataDryad.org 12

Trustworthy repository infrastructure Making data available is the primary mission of the organization – No pay-walls or restrictive licenses (all released under CCZero) – The same data may be hosted by other services (non-exclusivity) Built on the DSpace repository platform, an open source framework used by hundreds of institutional repositories Multiple machine and human interfaces for discovery and access – Dublin Core metadata, harvestable through OAI-PMH – DOIs registered through DataCite – Curators add metadata to enhance keyword searching Assurance of data integrity and permanent availability – Service mirroring and backup – File migration and bit-level integrity assurance – Organizational failover through DataONE and CLOCKSS 13 DataDryad.org

Dryad as an organization Governed by an interim Board Now a nonprofit organization incorporated in North Carolina, USA. Membership open to all stakeholder organizations, including scientific societies, publishers, funding agencies, universities & institutes. Governed by an elected 12-member Board of Directors – Nominated and elected by the Membership First Annual membership meeting 24 May 2013 in Oxford. DataDryad.org 14

Dryad’s business plan Deposit fees are the primary source of revenue, for several reasons: – The time of deposit is when the majority of costs are incurred – Revenue scales with costs (i.e. volume of deposits) – The costs are distributed both fairly and widely – This enables Dryad to make access to the data free in perpetuity Membership fees will cover costs of annual membership meetings Project grants will supplement the operational budget for R&D activities DataDryad.org 15

Payment plans PlanContract?Paid byCost 1 1. VouchernoAny organization, in advance $65 per data package (members) $70 per data package (non- members) 2. Deferred payment 1 yr.Any organization, in advance $70 per data package (members) $75 per data package (non- members) 3. Subscrip- tion 2 yrs.Journal or journals, fee based on total # of research articles published by the in the prior year Unlimited number of submissions for a fixed fee; base fee of $25 per research article for members, $30 for non-members Individual deposit noAuthor, at time of deposit $80/data package, with waivers for submissions from low-income economies 1 Up to a fixed deposit size (currently 10GB). Additional charges for larger deposits. DataDryad.org 16

To learn more Repository home: News: Project documentation: Code: or contact us: Todd Vision, Director, Laura Wendell, Dryad Executive Director, DataDryad.org 17