4th Biomass Asia Workshop in Malaysia, on Nov.20-22, 2007 Biomass-Asia Project-Second Stage: Research and Technological Development for Sustainable Biomass Utilization in Asian Countries Kinya Sakanishi Biomass Technology Research Center(BTRC), AIST, Hiroshima 737-0197, Japan “Green Biomass for Blue Earth”

Challenges in the 21st century Trilemma ! Energy Environment Food Trilemma ! Collaborations (Agriculture & Engineering etc.) in the Asian Countries keyword: Biomass

Unit: EJ ※1EJ=2.6×107kl-petroleum Potential of Biomass Energy in the World Asian region has abundant biomass resources. (87EJ corresponds to 2.3 billion kl-petroleum) Unit: EJ ※1EJ=2.6×107kl-petroleum 17 38 30 41 87 Oceania Africa South America North America Europe Asia 20 40 60 80 100 Plantation Animal waste Agricultural waste Forest Ref. “Study on energy conversion technology for Biomass” (RITE、1998～2000)

Potential Collaboration Projects Biomass Target Technology Products Sewage Sludge Methane Hydrothermal Pretreatment Methane Fermentation Food Waste Hydrogen Agricultural Waste (rice husk, baggasse) BTL DME or hydrocarbon BDF (glycerin) BDF Energy Crops (cassava, sugar cane, oil palm) Plant Growth Regulation Bioplastics Fermentation Non-acid Pretreatment Forestry Products Bioethanol Technical and Post Doctoral Training (JICA program etc.) Biomass LCA Standardization

BioEthanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass Ethanol derived from biomass is one of the most promising options to reduce fossil fuel use and alleviate the global warming. Reduction of petroleum consumption　　 Reduction of CO2 emission. . 6

Future Needs for Alternative Transportation Fuel 2000-2010 Fuel technologies for urban environment 　2010-2020 　Fuel technologies for mini- minimizing fuel consumption 2020- *PM,NOx reduction *Advanced end-of-pipe technologies *CO2 reduction *New engine system/new fuel S-free・low-aroma・low-olefins and high octane gasoline S-free gasoline Designed fuel Petroleum S-free diesel S-free・low-aroma diesel Energy security S-free,　Aroma-free Natural Gas GTL / BTL Biomass Syngas　CO/H2 FT Synthesis, DME etc. Heavy Oils Methanol Coal H2 H2 for Fuel Cell

Two Opposite Directions of Biomass Utilization As large as possible Bio-fuel Cell ! High efficiency and convenience Local Energy Supply Industrial Utilization High economical viability Stable law material supply, High demand in product As small as possible

Biomass-Asia Strategy- for Sustainable Growth resources, technology and cost efficiency JAPAN IP and technology win/win collaboration in R&D Produce new energies (transportation fuels: Bioethanol, BDF etc. Reduce CO2 by using biomass Produce biomaterials Manufacturing bases in Asia Biomass industry Create new industries and new　markets

Past and Present Status of Asia Biomass Strategy WS (ASEAN Biomass) Forum (MAFF support) 2005.1 1st Biomass Asia Workshop 2005.12 2nd Biomass Asia Workshop 2006.1 Biomass Asia Forum 2006.11 3rd Biomass Asia Workshop Asian Biomass Association Prep. Committee NEDO(0112)より Proposal 2007.11 4th Biomass Asia WS & Organizing Asian Biomass Association

Asian Biomass Research Consortium Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS) National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) University of Tokyo Hiroshima University National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Partnership with Industry and Academia Research consortium in Asia Collaboration programs with Asian countries

International Affairs Dept.&Headquarters etc. Asia Biomass Energy Research Core(2007.4-)& Biomass Asia Project Team（BAPT;2005.12-) of AIST Asia Biomass Energy Research Core　　　　　　　　　 Biomass Technology Research Center Research Center for New Fuel Vehicle Technology International Affairs Dept.&Headquarters etc. Research Center for Life Cycle Assessment Energy Technology Research Institute BAPT (Biomass-related Research Units) Research Center for Compact Chemical Process Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology Institute for Biological Resources and Functions Research Institute for Genome-based Biofactory

Biomass-Asia Project-2nd Stage: Research and Technological Development JST, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology,(MEXT) Biomass-Asia Project-2nd Stage: Research and Technological Development for Sustainable Biomass Utilization in Asian Countries Members; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) The University of Tokyo　　 Hiroshima University Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology（VAST) The Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)　

JST Program(supported by MEXT) Progress and Proposal JST Program(supported by MEXT) FY 2004-2006 Research Project for ASEAN Biomass R&D Strategy <Biomass Asia Workshop and Networking Asian Biomass Countries> FY 2007-2009(2nd stage) Research and Technological Development for Sustainable Biomass Utilization in Asian Countries <Feasibility Study and Business Models for Sustainable Biomass Utilization>

Political and Social Needs Political Need; 　・Biomass Nippon Strategy（2002 & 2005 renewed） 　・EPA：Japan-Malaysia(2006), Japan-Thailand(2007) 　・Japan-China-Korea Science&Technology Collaboration Ministry Meeting(2007) 　・East Asia(ASEAN+E3) Summit：Cebu Island Declaration(2007) Social Need and Impact; ・Mitigation of Global Warming 　・Substitution of Fossil Fuels 　・Activation of Agriculture 　・Suppression of Desertification 　・Demonstration of Sustainable Development Scenario

Purpose of the Present Proposal Best Practice Scenario and System for Sustainable Biomass Utilization Models in Asian Countries Win-Win relationship China Total Promotion of Biomass Asia Strategy Extensive Win-Win Collaboration in Asia International R&D Joint Projects on Biomass, Especially agriculture and engineering fields Japan Technology, IP, Human resources ASEAN Resources, Economical development, Technology transfer Energy, Materials, CO2 reduction：CDM ⇒ Sustainable Development

Proposal Content (draft) Resources Technology 1. Hybrid Agricultural Refinery Model (ex. China) Corn, Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cassava etc. 2. ASEAN Continental Model; Rice & Sugar Energy Complex Model (ex. Thailand, Viet Nam etc.) 3. ASEAN Islands Model; Palm Oil Energy Complex 　（Malaysia, Indonesia etc.) 1. Sustainable Biomass-Refinery (1) Bio-Fuels 1-1. Bio-ethanol 1-2. Bio-diesel fuel(BDF) (2) Bio-chemicals 2. Evaluation & Design of Biomass Utilization System (1) Life cycle assessment(LCA) (2) Demonstration plant projects (3) Design of optimized local models 3. Research and Development for Sustainable Biomass Production Proposal of Efficient Recovery and Utilization Model of Agricultural Wastes

Role Sharing among Biomass-Asia Research Consotium 1. Sustainable Biomass-Refinery (1) Biofuels; 1-1. Bio-ethanol 1-2. BDF (2) Bio-chemicals 　2. 2. Evaluation & Design of Biomass Utilization System (1) Life cycle assessment(LCA) (2) Demonstration plant projects (3) Design of optimized local models 3. Research and Development for Sustainable Biomass Production AIST JIRCAS FFPRI NARO UT Hiroshima Univ. CAS NSTDA SIRIM VAST BPPT

Sustainable Biomass Utilization Scenario in Asia 1) Palm Oil and Energy Complex ; - Combined production of BDF and other bio-fuels for sustainable availability and environmental protection 2) Sugar and Rice Energy Complex; - Large-scale bio-ethanol production from agricultural wastes for simultaneous supply of food and bio-fuels 3) Wood Refinery Complex; - Total multi-production system of timber, paper pulp, ethanol, and chemicals for new business model

Proposal on R&D Topics ~Palm Oil Complex~ Utilization of EFB, trunk & residue; Gasification and C1 chemistry (bio-refinery) Bio-ethanol (sugar platform) BDF related technologies and glycerol utilization; Exportable to Japan (improving fluidity) and standard Direct hydro-cracking Polymer materials from glycerol Hydrogen and Ethanol Production from glycerol Utilization of POME: No R&D topic. Commercial level.; Others; High yield palm species (Genetic engineering) Machine for palm plantation (robot) Sustainability analysis (LCA, monitoring)

Ethanol Production from Palm Wastes Oil Palm Pretreatment Trunk waste Saccharification Fresh Fruit Bunch Lignocellulosic Biomass Fermentation Empty Fruit Bunch Fruit Purification Fiber, Shell ETHANOL Crude Palm Oil Palm Kernel

New Materials from Oil Palm Biomass Oil Palm Palm Oil Bio-waste Palm oil industry BDF　 trunk EFB　　shell ・lignocellulosic materials ・Ethanol production　 　　 lignin etc. Crude glycerol Development of polymer materials ISO 14855-2 (Aerobic biodegradation test) participated International Round-robin test (RRT) ISO/AWI 10210 (Preparation method of test materials for biodegradation tests) proposed by AIST ISO 15985 (Anaerobic biodegradation tests) participated RRT ASTM D6866 (Measuring method of biomass carbon ratio) on research work in order to propose as ISO in future Standardization for Biodegradable plastics in AIST

Fruitful Collaborations Using Biomass Technology Transfer Investment CDM CO2 Reduction Carbon Credit Local Energy Supply Bio-Fuels Forest Restoration Bio-Chemicals

Biomass Networking for Sustainable Partnership&Collaborations in Asia 1) Organizing Working Group of Biomass Asia Network - Asian Biomass Association for Next Step 2) Future Workshop Arrangement/Management; - Host Country Initiative and Secretariat Function 3) Establishment of Personnel Exchanging Programs ; - Promotion of Multi-disciplinary Technical and Post-doctoral Training and Education 4) Establishment of On-site Biomass Research Center; - Biomass Resources Bank and R&D Core in Asia

Thank you for your kind attention! “Green Biomass for Cool Earth” Thank you for your kind attention!