Mr. Johnson U.S. History American Culture (1801-1850) Created by Mr. Johnson.

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Presentation transcript:

Mr. Johnson U.S. History American Culture ( ) Created by Mr. Johnson

Objectives 2.02 – Describe the growth of nationalism and sectionalism as reflected in art, literature and language.

Macro Concepts Conflict Style Micro Concepts Nationalism Sectionalism Transcendentalism The Common Man Factual Content Noah Webster Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Neoclassical Architecture Washington Irving Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne James Fenimore Cooper Hudson River School of Artists Alexis de Tocqueville Knickerbocker School Themes & Terms

Thomas Cole’s The Course of Empire

The Savage State

The Arcadian or Pastoral State

The Consummation

Destruction

Desolation

American Art

Hudson River School Hudson Valley, NY Themes − Landscapes − Settlement Nature as a manifestation of God “Luminescence” Thomas Cole

Twilight in the Wilderness – Frederick Church

Kindred Spirits – Asher Durand

Hudson River Scene – Asher Durand

Daniel Boone – Thomas Cole

Evening in Arcady – Thomas Cole

View on the Catskill – Thomas Cole

View from Mount Holyoke – Thomas Cole

George Catlin Portraits Fascinated with Native Americans Traveled the same route as the Lewis & Clark expedition

She Who Bathes Her Knees

Four Bears

Ah-yaw-ne-tak-oár-ron

White Cloud

Gilbert Stuart Portraits of founding fathers

Theater

Minstrel Shows Blackface Racial stereotypes − Buffonery − “Happy slave” Irreverent humor African influence on American dance & music

Spike Lee’s “Bamboozled”

A Nation’s Architecture

Neoclassical Architecture Drawing from the “best” of Greek & Roman architecture Desire for a great and lasting government Political similarities to Greece and Rome State Capitol - Raleigh

Classical Orders Doric Ionic Corinthian

Roman Colosseum

Roman Pantheon

Cincinnatus

Federal Hall – New York

Second Bank of the U.S. – Philadelphia

Monticello

U.S. Capitol, 1800

U.S. Capitol, 1856

U.S. Capitol Today

U.S. Capitol Dome

Apotheosis of George Washington

The White House, 1820

The White House Today

Greenough’s Statue of Washington 1840 Modeled on Zeus Controversial Reaction − Outrage – indecency/lack of clothing − Anti-democratic – depiction as a god − Humor – “He’s reaching for his clothes!”

"Did anybody ever see Washington naked! It is inconceivable…. I imagine [he] was born with his clothes on and his hair powdered, and made a stately bow on his first appearance in the world." -Nathaniel Hawthorne

Houdon’s Statue of Washington Richmond, VA state house Fasces Cincinnatus

American Language & Literature

Noah Webster Blue-Backed Speller (1783) An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828) Standardized American English; used in schools

Literary Styles Romanticism − Beauty − Emotion − Imagination Transcendentalism − Nature − Spirituality − Self-reliance

Washington Irving Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Rip Van Winkle

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Sleepy Hollow Cemetery

Knickerbocker School “School” of writers Founded by Irving Literature of the common man NYC and the northeast as the essence of American culture

Edgar Allan Poe Stories of the macabre; “dark romanticism” One of the first short story writers First modern mystery & detective stories

“The Raven”

“The Fall of the House of Usher”

“The Telltale Heart”

“The Cask of Amontillado”

James Fenimore Cooper Leatherstocking Tales − Series of novels featuring the hero Natty Bumppo (“Hawkeye”) − Includes The Last of the Mohicans Frontier life: pioneers & Native Americans Inaccurate but sympathetic portrait of Native American life

Cole’s Scenes from Last of the Mohicans

The Transcendentalists Emerson & Thoreau Man is essentially good Self-reliance & individualism Intuition and spirituality over reason “Oversoul” “Man is not a farmer, or a professor, or an engineer, but he is all”

Ralph Waldo Emerson Poet & essayist Speech: “The American Scholar” (1837) − Urges scholars to create a new, uniquely American culture independent of Europe − “Intellectual Declaration of Independence” “Self-Reliance” – independent thinking Spiritual matters over material matters

Henry David Thoreau Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854) − Transcendentalist classic Civil Disobedience (1849) − “Under a government which imprisons unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison” − Slavery and the Mexican-American War

Walden Pond “If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.”

“The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation, and go to the grave with the song still in them.”

Thoreau’s Cabin Reconstructed

Nathaniel Hawthorne Critic of Transcendentalists − Sin − Weakness of human nature The Scarlet Letter The House of Seven Gables

The Scarlet Letter