BiologyJanuary 31 st Get out your annotated Blue People article! Reminders: DNA Genetics Internet Activity due tomorrow!!

Blue People of Troublesome Creek Complete the following tasks with your group: Create a list of the words you do NOT know Shade the circles and squares of the people who are blue in the pedigree Answer the following questions: ◦ What made some members of the Fugate family blue? ◦ Who diagnosed the disorder? ◦ Why did the Fugates marry into their own family? ◦ What two industries brought progress to KY?

Question of the Day! Why don’t you look like the person sitting next to you? (be specific!)

Why do you look like that? Genetics = Study of Heredity Passing of genes, or traits, from parent to offspring

Genes Segments of DNA on chromosomes that determine specific traits Two forms of every gene! ◦ Called alleles ◦ Represented by capitol or lowercase letters  Ex: H or h (same letter, different form) ◦ Alleles make up your genotype ◦ Genes determine your physical appearance!

Traits Inherited Characteristics Observable Traits = Phenotype Physical Characteristics Ex: Hair color, eye color, freckles, dimples, right-handed

Traits Continued Dominant Trait = will always be seen when a copy of the allele is present ◦ Represented by capitol letter ◦ Ex: Right-handed (H) Recessive Trait = hidden when the dominant allele is present ◦ Represented by lower case letter ◦ Ex: Left-Handed (h)

Genotype The genes that are present in an individual ◦ Represented by 2 letters! Homozygous: 2 of the same alleles or genes ◦ Homozygous dominant: 2 dominant alleles  Ex: HH ◦ Homozygous Recessive: 2 recessive alleles  Ex: hh Heterozygous: 2 alleles that are opposite ◦ One dominant and one recessive  Ex: Hh

Happy Friday!! Turn in your DNA Genetics Internet Activity Get out your Genetics Practice Problems from Thursday, as well as your notes Genetics Quiz TUESDAY!!

Practice #1 AA ___________ Bb___________ Cc___________ DD ___________

Practice #2 Green peas are dominant to yellow peas GG_____________ Gg_____________ gg_____________

Practice #3 Straight hair is dominant to curly. _________ Straight _________straight (heterozygous) _________ curly

Gregor Mendel Austrian Monk who studied genetics in pea plants

Punnett Squares Used to predict the traits of offspring Mom’s genotype Dad’s genotype Possible Offspring genotypes

Mendel’s Experiment Parent Generation: TT x tt (tall) (short) T = tall pea plant t = short pea plant

Mendel’s Experiment First Generation: Tt x Tt (tall) (tall) T = tall pea plant t = short pea plant

More Practice Use the punnett square on #2 to answer the following question: If you crossed a heterozygous short haired guinea pig with a long haired guinea pig, what percentage of the offspring would have long hair?

In hobbits, hairy toes (H) are dominant to smooth toes(h). Cross a homozygous hairy toed hobbit with a heterozygous hairy toed hobbit.

In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers(p). Cross 2 homozygous purple flower plants.

In guinea pigs, brown hair (B) is dominant to spotted hair (b). Cross 2 heterozygous brown guinea pigs.

Widow’s peak (W) is dominant to a smooth hairline (w). Cross a woman who is homozygous for widow’s peak with her husband, who has a smooth hairline.

In Rasatafarians, dreadlocks are dominant to baldness. Cross a female who’ s bald with her husband, who is homozygous for dreads.