Department of Energy Office of Science The DOE High Energy Physics Program Kathy Turner Office of High Energy Physics DOE Office of Science Fundamental Physics in Space Conference Warrenton, VA May 24, 2006

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May20062 DOE Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)  Connections between the physics of elementary particles and the physics that determines the structure of the universe HEP Office supports ~ 90% of U.S. High Energy Physics and coordinates with NSF, NASA and international efforts We coordinate our program with the National Science Foundation (NSF), NASA and International Efforts Goal is to Explore the Fundamental Interactions of Energy, Matter, Time, and Space  Understand the unification of fundamental particles and forces and the mysterious forms of unseen energy and matter that dominate the universe  Search for possible new dimensions of space

Department of Energy Office of Science Accelerator-based physics is our primary tool  Top quarks, Higgs search, extra dimensions, supersymmetry; neutrino studies, b-quarks, CP violation Operating experiments: AcceleratorPhysics CDF and DZeroFermilab Tevatron Top quark, Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions MiniBooNEFermilab Main Injector Neutrino mixing BaBarSLAC B-factory Matter-antimatter, b quark, CP violation K2KJapan Neutrino mixing MINOSFermilab Main Injector Neutrino mixing (long baseline) BESChina (IHEP) charm and bottom quarks Under Construction : ATLAS & CMSCERN Large Hadron Collider Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions Proposed or Future Planning: International Linear Collider Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions Electron Neutrino Appearance Experiment Neutrino mass, mixing, hierarchy High Intensity Neutrino Beam Neutrino mass, mixing, hierarchy Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) - Components of the Program

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May20064 Today’s Tools: Currently Running U.S. HEP Accelerator Experiments B-factory at SLAC MINOS Tevatron at Fermilab

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May20065 Tomorrow’s Tool

Department of Energy Office of Science Non-accelerator physics – a growing and important sector  Atmospheric, solar and reactor Neutrinos, dark matter, dark energy, high energy cosmic & gamma rays Operating experiments Physics Super-K, KamLAND in Japan Proton decay, neutrino mixing Sloan Digital Sky Survey 3D sky map, dark energy Supernova Cosmology Project, Nearby Supernova Factory dark energy Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) dark matter in cosmic rays Approved & Under Construction: Large Area Telescope (LAT) – on NASA GLAST missiongamma rays, dark matter Pierre Auger – ground array in Argentinahigh energy cosmic rays AMS – Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer – on ISScosmic antimatter VERITAS – telescope in Arizonahigh energy gamma rays Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX)dark matter search Proposed (far from an exhaustive list): Reactor Neutrino Experiment – Daya BayNeutrino mixing Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) – space baseddark energy Large-aperture Survey Telescope (LST) – ground-baseddark energy Dark Energy Survey Telescope (DES) – ground-baseddark energy Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO)Majorana neutrino mass Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) - Components of the Program

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May20067 Other Components of the Program are: Theory – elementary particles and fields Technology R&D - for accelerator and detector technologies Plans for FY President’s Budget Request is ~8% increase Fully support our operating facilities: Tevatron at Fermilab and B- factory at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Increased support for Large Hadron Collider experiments as construction completes & for our research program R&D for new initiatives Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May20068 Plans for FY 2007  R&D Investment in Future Initiatives: International Linear Collider new neutrino experiments – accelerator & reactor long-term accelerator technologies Dark Energy - Increase R&D for ground- and space-based concepts We are entering the age of the Terascale energies –The reigning theory (Standard Model) is as precise as it is incomplete. –How the weak and electromagnetic forces unify is a mystery …but the consequences are likely dramatic Dark Energy & Dark Matter (what the … is it?) Neutrinos – what are they and how do they interact? The Scientific Context - Discovery

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May20069 Advisory Panels High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) – reports to DOE and NSF -Expanded to 20 members, with members from Europe and Asia AAAC – reports to DOE, NASA, NSF PanelsReports toTopic(s)Reports Due/Approved CMB Task ForceHEPAP & AAACRoadmap future initiatives Oct 2005 P5HEPAPB-factory + Tevatron Ops Nov 2005 Roadmap New mid-scale initiatives End 2006 NuSAGHEPAP & NSACDouble Beta Decay Exp’tsSept 2005 Reactor and off-axis expt’sFeb 2006 Super neutrino beamFeb 2007 HEP ResourcesHEPAPAre there enough physicistsJan 2006 to run the program? ILC & LHCHEPAPILC/LHC “synergy” Mar 2006 Dark EnergyHEPAP & AAACDark Energy techniquesMay 2006 Task Force AARDHEPAPUS Accel R&D programJuly 2006 Dark Matter SAGHEPAP & AAACDirect Dark Matter experiments Feb 2007

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May National Academies Panel Elementary Particle Physics in the 21 st Center (EPP2010) A new “decadal survey” –Lay out the grand questions that are driving our field –Describe the opportunities that are ripe for discovery –Identify the tools that are necessary to achieve the scientific goals –Articulate the connections to other sciences and to society –Foster emerging worldwide collaboration –Recommend a 15 year implementation plan with realistic, ordered priorities Not a typical high energy physics advisory panel. It includes –Non-physicists Strengthen connections with society Sharpen the physics questions –Non-particle physicists Engage other scientific communities –International participants Place US HEP in the international setting

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May NRC Panel Elementary Particle Physics in the 21 st Center (EPP2010) Committee Chair: Harold T. Shapiro, president emeritus and professor of economics and public affairs, Princeton Draft report release on 4/28/06 – Recommendations in priority order: 1.Fully exploit the opportunities for U.S. involvement at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN 2.Comprehensive program to become the world-leading center for R&D for the International Linear Collider (ILC) and mount a compelling to build it in the U.S. 3.Expand the program in particle astrophysics and pursue an internationally coordinated, staged program in neutrino physics. Now will show some of our astrophysics and cosmology related efforts & projects 

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May Dark Energy – Planning & Future  Investigating future space and/or ground telescopes in cooperation with NASA and NSF.  Dark Energy Projects are being considered by P5 panel.  Planning how to review and select which project(s) go forward – in view of DETF report  Continue to plan a Joint Dark Energy Mission with NASA & we’re open to the possibility of International Collaboration High priority in DOE Strategic Plan DOE/NASA Science Definition Team Dark Energy R&D: Doing R&D for SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) concept for JDEM Labs doing small amount of R&D for DES (Dark Energy Survey) and LSST (Large-scale Synoptic Survey Telescope) In FY07 Request, additional R&D of ~$5M available – ground and/or space concepts will be selected by open competition; DETF will guide us –funding levels reflect tentative plan which may change based upon advice from DETF and other relevant considerations Taking Data:  Nearby Supernova Factory – continues operations; measurements of nearby supernovae  Supernova Cosmology Project Operations continuing using ground telescopes & Hubble measurements to collect statistics and refine results  Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May Office of High Energy Physics Program Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Mosaic Imaging Camera Telescope in New Mexico Data  - Galaxy surveys, dark matter, dark energy - June 2005 – 4th public data release Taking data since Approved for additional data-taking thru summer 2008 Funding: Sloan Foundation, NSF, DOE, Japan, Germany Science News: Jan – first baryon oscillation measurement 640 fiber spectrograph

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Purpose: direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPS) Location - Soudan Mine in Minnesota Data-taking: partial operations started in 2003, full operations with 5 towers starting soon & will continue in FY07 CDMS detector Blue line – new results Dotted Blue line – expected full results Results – April 2005 …set the world's lowest exclusion limits on the WIMP cross section by a factor of 10 compared to other experiments, ruling out a significant range of neutralino supersymmetric models. Also have Axion Dark Matter Search (ADMX) experiment at Lawrence Livermore Lab in California – another possible form of Dark Matter

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May Pierre Auger – high energy cosmic ray detector array (w/NSF & foreign partners) Pierre Auger – high energy cosmic ray detector array (w/NSF & foreign partners) Current status (April 2006) - 18 (out of 24) fluorescence telescopes operating; rest under construction (out of 1600) surface Cherenkov detectors deployed, ~ 1000 operating  Search for Very High Energy cosmic rays  3000 km 2 site in Argentina  As of Fall 2003, it became the largest air-shower detector in the world Fluorescence telescopes Water Cherenkov surface detectors Partial operations have started – construction expected to be completed by early 2007  First science results out in Summer a new cosmic ray spectrum at the highest energies; the results of anisotropy and point source searches; and new limits on the photon content of the primaries

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) Status: Plan is to build at Kitt Peak.  In April 2005, work at Kitt Peak was stopped to redo the NEPA and NHPA process could be redone according to specifications –NSF is leading the process with DOE cooperating.  Had “government to government” meeting with Tohono O’odham Nation in January 2006  Plan is to install and commission the telescopes at the Whipple Basecamp while waiting for Kitt Peak access. A 2-year engineering run will start in Artist’s conception – 4 telescope array  Scientific Purpose: Study of celestial sources of very high energy gamma-ray sources in the energy range of 100 GeV- 50 TeV & search for dark matter candidates -Atmospheric Cherenkov 4 12m telescope array w/500 pixel cameras -Energy range 100 GeV – 50 TeV -Angular resolution ~ 4’ -Crab rate ~ 50 photons/minute  Funding: NSF, DOE + contributions from Smithsonian & foreign institutions Two telescope array at Whipple Basecamp

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) LAT is the primary instrument on NASA’s Gamma- ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) mission -- Collaboration between NASA, DOE, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden & managed at SLAC. Shipped from SLAC to NRL for environmental testing in mid-May GLAST launch scheduled for September, 2007 Successful DOE/NASA partnership! GLAST will have a very broad science menu that includes: Systems with supermassive black holes (Active Galactic Nuclei) Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) Pulsars Solar physics Origin of Cosmic Rays Probing the era of galaxy formation, optical- UV background light Solving the mystery of the high-energy unidentified sources Discovery! Particle Dark Matter? Other relics from the Big Bang? Extra dimensions? Testing Lorentz invariance. New source classes. GLAST draws the interest of both the the High Energy Particle Physics and High Energy Astrophysics communities. GLAST is the highest-ranked initiative in its category in the National Academy of Sciences 2000 Decadal Survey Report.

Department of Energy Office of Science AMS - Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer w/NASA + foreign partners Search for dark matter, missing matter & antimatter on the International Space Station Prototype (AMS-01) took data on STS-91 in 1998 AMS-02 fabrication complete in 2005; integration and test to be completed in 2007 Plan is for a Shuttle Launch and deployment on ISS -- launch date is currently unknown.

Department of Energy Office of Science Kathy Turner, 24May High Energy Physics Program In years to come, we are looking forward to exciting new discoveries at the TeV scale, with neutrinos and in finding out what the stuff is that the majority of the universe is made of – dark matter, dark energy