T ROMPENAARS ’ C ULTURAL D ILEMMAS AND D IMENSIONS by Sigrid Brevik Wangsness 13 February 2013.

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T ROMPENAARS ’ C ULTURAL D ILEMMAS AND D IMENSIONS by Sigrid Brevik Wangsness 13 February 2013

F ONS T ROMPENAARS AND C HARLES H AMPDEN -T URNER : R IDING THE W AVES OF C ULTURE What kind of competence /experience do these authors have? Explain the main aspects of their research. What kind of book is this? (What did Hofstede say about it?) According to the authors, what does this book attempt to do? The authors are critical of many modern management philosophies. Why? (Examples, for instance “pay-for-performance”)

F ONS T ROMPENAARS AND C HARLES H AMPDEN -T URNER : T HE M EANING OF C ULTURE Explain in some detail what T and H-T mean by culture (their concept of culture):  Definition  Their model of culture: layers norms vs. values basic assumptions Which other authors use a similar model?

F ONS T ROMPENAARS AND C HARLES H AMPDEN -T URNER : D IFFERENCES WITHIN CULTURES To what extent do people of the same culture have identical norms and values? Cp. the French and American cultures from the point of view of “normal distribution”. Explain. How do T and H-T define and explain stereotyping, and what are the dangers they see in using cultural stereotypes?

F ONS T ROMPENAARS AND C HARLES H AMPDEN -T URNER : T HE B ASIS OF C ULTURAL D IFFERENCES What are the different levels of culture that T and H-T emphasize? What do they say about cultures in Europe? According to T and H-T, there are three major categories of human experience (“universal problems”) that distinguish cultures. Which? T and H-T identify seven fundamental dimensions of culture. Which? Explain.

F ONS T ROMPENAARS AND C HARLES H AMPDEN -T URNER : T HE B ASIS OF C ULTURAL D IFFERENCES Study T’s examples of cultural dilemmas. Find the scores for your culture. Is this a correct description of it, do you think? T and H-T insist that cultures are not static points on a dual axis map, and thus their categories are not mutually exclusive (vs. Hofstede). How do they perceive the positions of cultures on the various dimensions?

F ONS T ROMPENAARS AND C HARLES H AMPDEN -T URNER : T HE B ASIS OF C ULTURAL D IFFERENCES What are the major similarities and differences between T and H-T’s dimensions and the categorizations you have studied earlier? (Compare for instance Gesteland, Hofstede and Trompenaars).