USH2 UNIT 2: FACTORS THAT LED TO EXPANSION LESSON 2.1: Expansion leads to Imperialism

Unit Overview  The purpose of this unit is to understand the factors that led to exploration, settlement, movement, and expansion and their impact on United States development over time.

Activating  List as many reasons you can think of as to why Americans risk settling in the west during the last half of the 19 th century?  1.  2.  3.  4.  Q16OZkgSXfM Q16OZkgSXfM  How did expansion impact the Native American?  1.  2.  3.  4.

Frayer Model / Manifest Destiny

Western Frontier – Frederick Jackson Turners Frontier Thesis  The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis, is the argument advanced by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 that American democracy was formed by the American Frontier. In essence, our frontier experience made us who we are today: risk takers and adventurers. In addition Turner emphasizes the need for a “frontier” in order for Americans to remain “cutting edge”. What “Frontiers” do we still have today? Many historians point out today that Turner fails to mention the plight of Native Americans in his Thesis.

Think Pair Share  How would a Native American respond to Turners Thesis?

THE DAWES ACT  SOME OPPOSED TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS  HELEN HUNT JACKSON’S BOOK “A CENTURY OF DISHONOR”, DESCRIBED INJUSTICES  SOME BELIEVED NATIVES SHOULD ASSIMILATE  IN 1887 CONGRESS PASSED THE DAWES ACT=  GAVE EACH NATIVE AMERICAN FAMILY 160 ACRES TO FARM  GRANTED CITIZENSHIP AFTER 25 YEARS OF FARMING  ACT FAILED DUE TO LAND BEING NOT ALWAYS GOOD FOR FARMING OR RANCHING  NATIVES DOOMED DUE TO THEIR RELIANCE ON THE BUFFALO FOR FOOD, CLOTHING, SHELTER

AP 1  Collaborative pairs  1’s tell 2’s what they learned about Turners frontier thesis  2’s tell 1’s what they learned about the Dawes Act

School House Rock   1.  2.  3.

New Markets  DURING THE LATE 1800’S, THE DESIRE TO FIND NEW MARKETS, INCREASE TRADE, AND BUILD A POWERFUL NAVY CAUSED THE UNITED STATES TO BECOME MORE INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS.

Imperialism

BUILDING SUPPORT FOR IMPERIALISM  IN THE 1800’S, NATIONS IN EUROPE EXPANDED OVERSEAS  IMPERIALISM IS A STRONG NATION’S ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DOMINATION OVER WEAKER ONES.  CAUSES:  EUROPE NEEDED MORE RAW MATERIALS  TARIFFS HURT TRADE  NEED FOR NEW MARKETS = INDUSTRY  TO PROTECT INVESTMENTS, EUROPE MADE COUNTRIES INTO COLONIES AND PROTECTORATES  IN A PROTECTORATE, THE IMPERIAL POWER LET LOCAL RULERS STAY IN CONTROL

A FEELING OF SUPERIORITY  THE UNITED STATES ALSO WANTED TO FIND NEW MARKETS IN OTHER COUNTRIES  SOME AMERICANS USED SOCIAL DARWINISM TO JUSTIFY EXPANSION  OTHERS BELIEVED THAT ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES WERE NATURALLY SUPERIOR = ANGLO-SAXONISM

BUILDING A MODERN NAVY  AMERICAN LEADERS THOUGHT THE UNITED STATES NEEDED A POWERFUL NAVY.  NAVY COULD PROTECT MERCHANT SHIPS AND DEFEND TRADE  BY THE LATE 1800’S THE UNITED STATES WAS BECOMING A GREAT NAVAL POWER.

AMERICAN EXPANSION IN THE PACIFIC  IN THE 1800’S JAPAN ONLY TRADED WITH THE CHINESE AND DUTCH  IN 1853, PRESIDENT FILMORE DECIDED TO FORCE JAPAN TO TRADE WITH THE USA  HE SENT A NAVAL EXPEDITION LED BY MATHEW PERRY TO NEGOTIATE A TREATY  IN SEEING OUR WARSHIPS, JAPAN KNEW THEY HAD TO OPEN TWO PORTS TO AMERICAN TRADE

ANNEXING HAWAII  AMERICANS WERE INTERESTED IN HAWAII FOR SUGAR TRADE AND A MILITARY BASE  IN 1875 THE UNITED STATES REMOVED TARIFFS ON HAWAIAN SUGAR = SUGAR INDUSTRY BOOMED  IN 1887 PLANTERS MADE THE KING SIGN A CONSTITUTION LIMITING HIS POWER

ANNEXING HAWAII - CONTINUED  IN 1891 QUEEN LILIUOKALANI BECAME RULER = DISLIKED AMERICAN INFLUENCE  TRIED TO CREATE A NEW CONSTITUTION TO RE-ESTABLISH HER AUTHORITY  PLANTERS RESPONDED BY OVERTHROWING THE GOVERNMENT  THE UNITED STATES ANNEXED HAWAII 5 YEARS LATER

DIPLOMACY IN LATIN AMERICA  USA WANTED MORE INFLUENCE IN LATIN AMERICA FOR MARKETS AND TO SHOW EUROPE THAT WE ARE POWER  IDEA THAT THE USA AND LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES SHOULD WORK TOGETHER CALLED PAN-AMERICANISM

AP 2: Imperialsim

The Spanish American War (Will Cover in depth later in course)  What you need to know now:  1) Monroe Doctrine  2) New Markets  3) Reasons to invade Cuba  -Yellow Journalism  -Explosion of USS Maine  4) Teller Amendment vs. Platt Amendment

The Spanish American War – AP 3 

Assignment “Should we go to war with Spain?” Talking Heads 1’s read “Yes” US Senator Albert J. Beveridge (501) 2 ‘s read “No” William Jennings Bryan (501)  1’s summarize to 2’s Reasons FOR:  2’s summarize to 1’s Reasons Against:

Compare and contrast the arguments for and against imperialism.

Activity- Yellow Journalism  How does this worksheet relate to the Spanish American War?  How does this worksheet relate to the concept of expansion?

Learning Log  Today I learned………..  What were Frederick Jackson Turner’s main points in his Frontier Thesis? Why do some historians criticize his Thesis?  How did Helen Hunt Jackson influence the treatment of Native Americans?  How did the Dawes Act seek to assimilate Native Amercans?  Summarize the reasons FOR and AGAINST imperialism.  How did the United States FORCE Japan to end its isolation?  Why did the US move to annex Hawaii?  How did expansion influence our decision to go to war with Spain?