ACIDS, BASES and SALTS

My numbering system Slide title: A, B, C… - Points on a slide: 1, 2, 3, - How to find it on your note handout: A1, A2, B1, B2…

A. What you need to know? A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt? A2. How to name them A3. Acid, base, salt properties A4. Identify at least 3 products that are acids, bases, and salts used in daily life

B. Common Acids NameFormula Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids acetic acid (vinegar)HC2H3O2HC2H3O2 citric acidHC6H7O2HC6H7O2 ascorbic acidHC6H7O6HC6H7O6 lactic acidHC3H5O3HC3H5O3 acetylsalicylic acidHC9H7O4HC9H7O4 Inorganic (=no carbon) acids sulfuric acidH 2 SO 4 carbonic acidH 2 CO 3 phosphoric acidH 3 PO 4 nitric acidHNO 3 hydrochloric acidHCl hydrobromic acidHBr hydrofluoric acidHFHF

C. What is an acid? C1. An acid is a compound that accepts a pair of electrons. Usually, most acid have proton (H + ) in their chemical formula

D.How to name acid D1. Binary acids containing no oxygen Hydro(element root)ic acid e.g. HFHydrofluoric acid HClHydrochloric acid HBrHydrobromic acid HIHydroiodic acid

How to name acid (cont.) D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids): (Non-ate part)ic acid OxoacidsNon-ate partNames HClO 3 Chlor-Chloric acid HNO 3 Nitr-Nitric acid H 2 CO 3 Carbon-Carbonic acid HBrO 3 Brom-Bromic acid HIO 3 Iod-Iodic acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Acet-Acetic acid

How to name acid (cont.) D3. Oxoacids that are slight exceptions to the naming rules of: (Non-ate part) + ic acid OxoacidsNon-ate partNames H 2 SO 4 Sulf-Sulfuric acid H 3 PO 4 Phosph-Phosphoric acid

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RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid Naming binary acid Examples: HClis hydrochloric acid HBris hydrobromic acid HIis hydroiodicacid HFis hydrofluoric acid

Naming oxoacid Polyatomic ionCorresponding acid C 2 H 3 O 2 - is acetateHC 2 H 3 O 2 is acetic acid NO 3 - is nitrateHNO 3 is nitric acid ClO 3 - is chlorateHClO 3 is chloric acid BrO 3 - is bromateHBrO 3 is bromic acid IO 3 - is iodateHIO 3 is iodic acid SO 4 2- is sulphateH 2 SO 4 is sulphuric acid CO 3 2- is carbonateH 2 CO 3 is carbonic acid PO 4 3- is phosphateH 3 PO 4 is phosphoric acid RULE 2: -ATE becomes -IC acid

E. Common Acid Properties E1. Sour E2. Corrosive E3. Water-soluble E4. Good electricity conductors

F. Acids in everyday life F2.Citric acid Also, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) F1.Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 )

F. Acids in everyday life F5.Sour milk (lactic acid) F3. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) F4. Cheese (lactic acid)

F6. Sorbic Acid: a preservative

G1.Heartburn: Caused by HCl from the stomach comes back up the esophagus G. Acids in the body

H. Bee Sting and Formic Acid Formic Acid

BASES

I. Common Bases NameFormula Sodium hydroxideNaOH Potassium hydroxideKOH Aluminum hydroxideAl(OH) 3 Ammonium hydroxideNH 4 OH Sodium bicarbonateNaHCO 3 Potassium sulfiteK 2 SO 3

J. What is a base? J1. A base is a compound which donate a pair of electrons. Usually, most bases are made up of a metal ion and a hydroxide (OH - ) in their chemical formula

K-How to name bases? Metal name first+ hydroxide e.g LiOHLithium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 Magnesium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium hydroxide Fe(OH) 2 Iron (II) hydroxide

L. Common Acid Properties Bases: L1. are bitter L2. feel slippery L3. are water-soluble L4. are good electricity conductors

M. Bases in everyday life M1.Drain cleaners contains NaOH M2. Windex (NH 3 ) M3. Baking soda (NaHCO 3 )

N. What would you do if? N1.Your car battery acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is spilled?

SALTS

O. What is a salt? O1. Salts are ionic compounds composed of a metal ion and a non- metal ion O2. A salt is formed when acid react with base E.g. CuSO 4

P. Applications of Salts P1. Soaps and Detergents

P2. Fertilizer (e.g. Ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate) P. Applications of Salts (cont.)

Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather Q1. Why put salt on the sidewalk when it snows?

Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather Q1. Road salt helps reduce the freezing point of snow

R. A Cultural Look at Food Preservation Table salts

What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about ACIDS today? What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about BASES today? What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about SALTS today?