Intro to Chemistry. I.What is Chemistry? A.Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

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Presentation transcript:

Intro to Chemistry

I.What is Chemistry? A.Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

II.What is matter? A.Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

III.Mass vs. Weight A.Mass 1.Reflects the amount of matter in an object 2.Constant and does not change regardless of location B.Weight 1.Reflects the amount of matter in an object 2.Changes depending on the gravitational pull

IV.Scientific Method A.Systematic approach used to solve a problem B.The main steps: 1.Observations 2.Hypothesis 3.Experiments 4.Data/Results 5.Analysis 6.Conclusions

Lab—Any Bright Ideas?

V.Observation vs. Inferences A.Observation 1.The act of gathering information based on your senses B.Inference 1.A reasonable conclusion based on an observation and prior knowledge C.Warm Up Demo

Activity think-pair-share Activity think-pair-share Separate the following into two groups: Rotten odor 12.4 feet Boiling point of 85°C Appears cloudy Purple 5 leaves 3.70 seconds square

Create a name for each category.

VI. Types of Observations —describes physical characteristics 1.Color, odor, shape —numerical information 1.How much, how little, how big, how fast A.Qualitative data B.Quantitative data

VII. Testing Hypotheses A.Hypothesis—a proposed explanation for an observation B.Experiment—a method to test a hypothesis 1.Variables i.Independent—manipulated variable; the variable that you change during the experiment

ii.Dependent—responding variable; the variable that is measured during the experiment iii.Control—the standard for comparison D ependent R esponding Y -axis M anipulated I ndependent X -axis “DRY MIX”

Activity

Lower the pH by adding aluminum to the soil Raise the pH by adding phosphorus in the soil Hydrangeas water

VIII. Data/Results A.Collecting qualitative/quantitative data B.Making graphs, tables, charts

IX.Analysis A.Describing patterns and trends using your data B.Calculate degree of uncertainty

X.Conclusion A.Accept or reject hypothesis B.Identify sources of error C.Suggestions for further experimentation

XI. Theory vs. Law A.Scientific Theory 1.the “why” 2.An explanation that has been supported by many experiments, based on data B.Scientific Law 1. the “what” 2.Concise statement that describes and summarizes events of many experiments and observations

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