Chapter 1 Notes The Properties of Matter

What is Matter? Matter is anything that has Mass and Volume Mass is the amount of matter an object contains. ◦ Units: grams (g), kilograms (kg) Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. ◦ Units: liquids: liters (L), milliliters (mL), Solids: cubic centimeters (cm 3 ) mL = cm 3

Vocabulary YOU need to know! Meniscus Read at the bottom of the meniscus!

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

Physical Properties Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter. Examples: ◦ Color ◦ Odor ◦ Mass ◦ Volume ◦ Density (Density = Mass/Volume) ◦ State – Solid, Liquid, or Gas? ◦ Malleability – Can I flatten it? ◦ Ductility – Can I stretch it into a thin wire? ◦ Solubility – Can I dissolve it in something? ◦ Thermal Conductivity – Does it carry heat?

Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to change into a new, different substance with different properties. Examples: ◦ Flammability – Does it burn? ◦ Reactivity – Does it react when mixed with some other substance to make a new substance?

Characteristic Properties Characteristic properties are always the same, whether the object is large or small. Characteristic properties can be physical or chemical. Examples:Examples that are NOT: ◦ Density ᵒ Size ◦ Solubility ᵒ Volume ◦ Reactivity ᵒ Shape ◦ Boiling Point ᵒ State of Matter

Physical Changes In a physical change, a physical property changes, but the identity of the substance does not change. Physical changes are sometimes easy to undo Examples: ◦ Melting ice or boiling water ◦ Ripping paper into pieces ◦ Dissolving sugar into water

Chemical Changes In a chemical change, a substance changes into a different substance. Chemical changes are usually difficult to undo. Examples: ◦ Burning wood or “snakes” ◦ Spoiling milk (curdling) ◦ Rusting metal ◦ Baking a cake

Evidence of a chemical change Change in color (unexpected) Unexpected change in temperature Endothermic – heat is absorbed. (feels cooler) Exothermic – heat is released. (feels hotter) Gas produced (bubbles appear, foaming) Odor produced (smells) A solid forms (precipate) when two liquids are mixed Electricity is generated Light is produced Fire is produced

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