Warm Water Treatments against Codling Moth Larvae in Cherries.

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Presentation transcript:

Warm Water Treatments against Codling Moth Larvae in Cherries

Efficacy Trials

Review Summer 2001

Recent Summer 2002

Problem: How to standardize the different types of water baths to allow for comparisons.

Lethal Times Based on heating block exposuresBased on heating block exposures Equivalent timesEquivalent times Standardized to 48°CStandardized to 48°C

Variables used for calculations Bath temperaturesBath temperatures Fruit temperatures at time tFruit temperatures at time t Accumulative measurementsAccumulative measurements

Calculating Lethal Times LT =  10 -(T(t)-T ref )/z t 0 where T ref = bath temperature and z = 4

Standardize treatment temperatures to 48°C by: Corr. LT= LT/10 (T ref -48°)

Lethal Times: Comparisons across studies

Lethal Times based on the equivalent time on Heating Block set at 48°C.

Summer 2002 All

Treatment Equivalents 48°C, 20 min48°C, 20 min 50°C, 5 min50°C, 5 min 52°C, 2 min52°C, 2 min 54°C, 1 min54°C, 1 min

Future needs: Standardizing treatment parameters

Treatment Parameters LoadLoad ÝTotal amount ÝAmount per unit ÝFluid capacity ÝConductivity

Treatment Parameters cont. Starting temperatureStarting temperature Target temperatureTarget temperature Holding timeHolding time ÝIn original container ÝIn separate baths

Problems Uniformity--how much variability is acceptableUniformity--how much variability is acceptable Duplication (replication)Duplication (replication) Fruit circulation (design)Fruit circulation (design) Parts for improvementParts for improvement Lost larvaeLost larvae

How Quarantine Treatments Are Accepted by MAFF-Japan

Minimum Requirements * Least susceptible stageLeast susceptible stage Demonstration with 30,000Demonstration with 30,000 Phytotoxicity testsPhytotoxicity tests Safety and residue issuesSafety and residue issues One cultivarOne cultivar More tests for other cultivarsMore tests for other cultivars * Based on MeBr treatments

APHIS NPSResearcher MAFFJapan Area Industry