Institutional Corrections Types of Texas Institutions

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City/County JAIL City/County PRISON State/Federal Misdemeanor Class A Class B Class C Felony SJF 3 rd degree 2 nd degree 1 st Degree Death 3 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Types of Texas Institutions 4 SAFPF Substance Abuse Felony Punishment Facility Therapeutic Community Participative, group-based approach to long-term mental disorders, personality disorders, and drug addiction Usually residential, with the clients and therapists living together Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

5 5 SAFPF Units in Texas 5 SAFPF Units in Texas Group and Individual Drug/Alcohol Counseling Beds are primarily reserved for probationers Intermediate Sanctions Facility 612-bed facilities Minimum sentence is 6 months in unit, and at least 12 months in residential treatment. SAFPF Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

SJF State Jail Facility 21 State Jail Felony Units in Texas 21 State Jail Felony Units in Texas Low-level property/drug offenders Serve as transfer facilities No good time/parole 180 days to 2 years 6 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

7 82 Prison Units in Texas 82 Prison Units in Texas High level drug/property offenders and violent offenders Educational/vocational programs Prison industries Receive good time/parole $42.54 per day to incarcerate an offender PRISONS Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

MROP Mentally Retarded Offender Program Transfer Facility Temporarily houses inmates that are being permanently assigned Pre-Release Psychiatry Medical Educational/Vocational training, life skills transitions during last 12 months Mentally ill that require extensive medication and therapy Disease or medical condition requiring extensive medical care 8 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Executions Prior to 1923: – Texas counties were responsible for their own executions 1819 to 1923: – Hanging was the means of execution 1923: – Executions by electric chair ordered (Huntsville, TX) 9 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Execution by Electric Chair The State of Texas executions by electrocution: February 8, 1924 – First offender (Charles Reynolds) – Four additional offenders (Ewell Morris, George Washington, Mack Matthews, and Melvin Johnson) July 30, 1964 – Last offender (Joseph Johnson) 10 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Cruel and Unusual Punishment June 29, 1972: – U.S. Supreme Court ruled the electric chair violated the 8 th amendment – 52 inmates on death row sentences commuted to life March 1973: – Death row was empty January 1, 1974: – TX Penal Code revised and executions resumed February 1, 1974: – John Devries (#507) was placed on death row July 1, 1974: – Devries committed suicide by hanging himself with bed sheets 11 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Lethal Injection The State of Texas lethal injection executions: Adopted 1977 December 7, 1982: – First offender executed by lethal injection for the kidnap/murder of a Fort Worth auto mechanic (Charlie Brooks) 12 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Lethal Injection Consists Of: – Sodium Thiopental Lethal dose that sedates person – Pancuronium Bromide Muscle relaxant that collapses diaphragm and lungs – Potassium Chloride Stops the heart beat Complete in approximately 7 minutes Costs $86.08 each for the drugs used 13 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Texas Capital Crimes Murder of: A public safety officer or firefighter An individual under six years of age A correctional employee Murder during: The commission of kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, or obstruction or retaliation A prison escape Murder for: Remuneration Murder by: A state prison inmate who is serving a life sentence (for murder, capital murder, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault, or aggravated robbery) Multiple murders 14 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Death Row Time on Death Row prior to execution: Average: years Shortest: 248 days Longest: 24 years (8,854 days) Other Death Row facts: Average Age of Executed Offenders: 39 Youngest at Time of Execution: 24 Oldest at Time of Execution: Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

Resources Texas Department of Criminal Justice Photos used with permission from the Texas Prison Museum 16 Copyright © Texas Education Agency All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.