Maximizing Growth and Productivity of Alfalfa Through Biotechnology Jay SandmanDavid Johnson Lauren Johnson Jonathon Reich.

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Presentation transcript:

Maximizing Growth and Productivity of Alfalfa Through Biotechnology Jay SandmanDavid Johnson Lauren Johnson Jonathon Reich

Research Objectives Minimize plant response to chronic, sub- lethal stresses Reduce pre-harvest leaf loss caused by senescence

Premise of Work Most stresses are sub-lethal and result in unnecessary cessation of plant growth Senescence and responses to non-lethal stresses are genetically controlled by the plant Reduction of plant responses to senescence and non-lethal stresses will release brakes on plant growth and maximize productivity

Two Modes of Senescence Senescence induced by biotic and abiotic stresses Genetically induced senescence

Senescence Associated Response to Sub-lethal Stresses 0 Plant Development Harvest Senescence Stress Initiated Senescence Abortion of Stress & Recovery

Non-Productive Response to Sub-lethal Stress Plant Development 0 Harvest Plant Biomass Growth Potential Stress Effects Actual Growth

Non-Stress related, Genetically Induced Senescence 0 Plant Development Harvest Senescence Genetically Induced Senescence

Project 1: An Autoregulated Senescence Inhibition System The system is based on the expression of chimeric transgene PSAG12-IPT The SAG12 promoter is senescence specific The IPT gene encodes the enzyme isopentenyl transferase which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cytokinin biosynthesis Cytokinins inhibit the development of senescence

The Autoregulated Senescence Inhibition System Senescence SAG12IPT Isopentenyl TransferaseIsopentenyl Adenine (Cytokinin) Senescence Inhibit

In Vitro SAG12-IPT Expression 21 Days on Water Agar Transgenic Wildtype

Greenhouse SAG-12 IPT Expression WildtypeTransgenic

Greenhouse SAG12-IPT Expression

SAG12-IPT Field Expression in Breeder Seed Population Data is weighted mean from three harvests at 50% bloom stage during 2002.

Project 2: Altering Genetic Expression of Senescence Genes of interest –Deoxyhypusine Synthase (DHS) activates elF-5A –Eucaryotic Translation Initiation Factor-5A (elF-5A) facilitates mRNA translation

Regulatory Role of DHS and Factor-5A in Senescence Transcription Circuitry Execution Circuitry Senescence Stimuli Natural Senescence Biotic Stress Abiotic Stress Protease Lipase RNAse DNAse DHS Factor 5A

0 Plant Development Harvest Senescence Stress Initiated Senescence Abortion of Stress & Recovery Reducing the Expression of DHS and elF-5A

Plant Development 0 Harvest Plant Biomass Growth Potential Stress Effects Wildtype Reduction of Non-Productive Responses to Sub-lethal Stresses Transgenic

Genetic Modification of Genetically Induced Senescence 0 Plant Development Harvest Senescence Wildtype Transgenic

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