Pure Tone Audiometry Basic Principles of Sound The Audiometer Test Environment Patient’s Role Clinician’s Role Air Conduction Audiometry Bone Conduction Audiometry Audiogram Interpretation Masking

Basics of Sound Sound Waves and Propagation of Sound Frequency (Hz) Resonance Intensity (The Decibel or dB)

Audiometer Generic Audiometer

Audiometer Clinical and Portable Audiometer

Audiometer Earphones

Audiometer Insert Earphone

Audiometer Bone Conduction Vibrator

Audiometer Computerized Audiometer

Test Environment Sound Treated Booth

Test Environment Circumaural Enclosures

Test Environment Quiet Room

Patient’s Role Hand Raising Signal Button Verbal Response False Positives and False Negatives

Clinician’s Role Instructions Patient’s Position Placement of Earphones Test Procedures for Screening Test Procedures for Pure Tone Thresholds

Clinician’s Role Instructions What are they listening for How to respond Verify they understand instructions

Clinician’s Role Position of Client - Adults and Children Earphone Placement

Clinician’s Role Screening Test Procedures (adults) Instructions Test Frequencies Disposition of Failures

Clinician’s Role Pure Tone Threshold Procedures Self-test Place earphones on patient Test better ear first Order of test frequencies Test other ear Use ASHA protocol for threshold testing.

Clinician’s Role Pure Tone Average (PTA) Three tone average Two tone average Other methods

Clinician’s Role Degree of Hearing Loss based on PTA None Slight Mild Moderate Moderately Severe Severe Profound

Clinician’s Role Role of Bone Conduction Purpose Mastoid Placement Forehead Placement

Audiograms Basic Audiogram

Audiograms Symbols

Audiograms Type Degree Configuration

Audiograms Type of Loss - Conductive

Audiograms Type of Loss - Sensorineural

Audiograms Type of Loss - Mixed

Audiograms Configuration of Loss - Flat

Audiograms Configuration of Loss - Sloping (falling)

Audiograms Configuration of Loss - Rising

Audiograms Configuration of Loss - Tent

Audiograms Configuration of Loss - Mid-frequency or Cookie-bite

Masking Cross Hearing and Interaural Attenutation Masking Defined Rules Types of Masking Noise

Masking Cross Hearing Interaural Attenuation Definition Variables transducers frequency individual variability

Masking Definition Introduction of noise in NTE for the purpose of eliminating cross-hearing.

Masking Rule Minimum IA values Apply masking to NTE whenever the AC of the TE exceeds the BC for the NT cochlea by the amount of the minimum IA values. Minimum IA values Supraaural phones = 40 dB Insert phones = 70 dB Bone conduction = 0 dB

Masking Types of Masking Noise White Noise Narrow Band Noise

Summary