Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable (C) V (C) (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable

Syllabic Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable button little teacher LPD

Consonants 3 features: Manner Place Voicing

How much constriction? plosive: completely blocked fricative: partly blocked approximant: slightly hindered nasalization Does the air flow through both the nose and the mouth, or just the mouth? 1 Manner of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features affricate: plosive + fricative

Plosive (stop) Fricative Affricate Nasal Lateral Approximant 1 Manner of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Where in the mouth does the constriction occur? What parts of the mouth are involved (lips, teeth, tongue, roof of the mouth)?

bilabial labiodental dental alveolar palatal velar glottal 2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Plosives: bilabial alveolar velar (palatal)

Consonants:plosives The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website at anhall/phonetics/sammy.html

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Plosives: bilabial alveolar velar (palatal)

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Plosives: bilabial alveolar velar (palatal)

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Plosives: bilabial alveolar velar (palatal)

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Plosives: bilabial alveolar velar (palatal)

3 Voicing Consonants: 3 phonetic features Are the vocal chords vibrating or not? REMEMBER THE TERMS FORTIS and LENIS (at least until the next slideshow)

Features: unvoiced bilabial stop p The six RP plosives

Features: voiced bilabial stop b The six RP plosives

Features: unvoiced alveolar stop t The six RP plosives

Features: voiced alveolar stop d The six RP plosives

Features: unvoiced velar stop k The six RP plosives

Features: voiced velar stop g The six RP plosives

bilabial alveolar velar (palatal) Recap: Plosives

labiodental dental alveolar post-alveolar palato-alveolar Places of articulation: fricatives

Features: unvoiced bilabial stop p pipepipe

Features: voiced bilabial stop b babybaby

(Features: unvoiced bilabial fricative)

(Features: voiced bilabial fricative) vamos

Features: unvoiced labiodental fricative f fine, life

Features: voiced labiodental fricative v very clever

Features: unvoiced dental fricative think

Features: voiced dental fricative ð this

Features: unvoiced alveolar stop t tart

Features: voiced alveolar stop d diddid

Features: unvoiced alveolar fricative s sea

Features: voiced alveolar fricative z zero

Features: unvoiced postalveolar fricative she, pressure

Features: voiced postalveolar fricative measure

Features: unvoiced glottal fricative h home

Wells, under “Articulation”

f,v

,ð =þ

ð

Affricates There are no affricates in Icelandic, but if you’ve mastered the post-alveolar fricatives they should cause no problems chess Jess fortis lenis

Don’t forget to make a clear distinction between the fortis and lenis forms: rich - ridge larch – large search – surge not only with the voicing of, but also by clipping caused by Affricates

SIBILANTS

sea ship zero measure church judge

sí sjipp seró mesjúr tsörts dsöds

Problems with sibilants Icelandic has only 1 sibilant: English has 4: and two afficates:

Problems with sibilants Spelling is a poor indication of which sibilant is used VOICING of s or z is particularly badly represented –base phase loose choose –rates clothes wages NO RULE RULE! sz s z

plural – the dog gave two short barks possessive – the dog’s bark, the dogs’ barks 3rd person sg. – this dog barks abbreviation for is – his bark’s worse than his bite abbreviation for has – his bark’s been recorded -s, -’s, -s’, -es

cats cat’s cats’ gets barks - -s, -’s, -s’, -es dogs dog’s dog’s runs mews - fishes fish’s fishes’ masses catches judges roses Rose’s boxes Butch’s

2 1

Nasals The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website at anhall/phonetics/sammy.html

Features: voiced bilabial stop b b

Features: voiced bilabial nasal m

Features: voiced alveolar stop d

Features: voiced alveolar nasal n

Features: voiced velar stop g

Features: voiced velar nasal

Features: voiced bilabial nasal m

Features: unvoiced bilabial nasal m o

Features: voiced alveolar nasal n

Features: unvoiced alveolar nasal n o

Features: voiced velar nasal

Features: unvoiced velar nasal o

English: 3 nasals Icelandic: 10 nasals

SHORTLONGUNVOICED BILAB ALV PAL VEL

ng? singer finger hanger anger sting stink

longer longest younger youngest stronger strongest EXCEPTIONS: