Beyond Power Generation Transportation Fuel 1 Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved Barry Stevens, Ph.D. President TBD America, a Technology Business Development consulting group

Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved 2 WHY NGV Reduced Dependence on Imported Oil Increased Energy Security Reduced Environmental Impact Reduced Fuel Costs Reduced Maintenance Costs Less Wear and Tear on Vehicles Easy to Refuel Safe to Drive

Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved 3 CH 4 C 8 H 18 C 135 H 96 O 9 NS Natural GAS

Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved 4 Gas Ambient Storage Lower Cost Lower Fuel Density Larger Tanks Lower Range Simple Fuel Tanks and Pressure Management Unlimited Hold Time with No Fuel Loss Lower Life Cycle Fuel Cost Liquid Cryogenic Storage Higher Cost Higher Fuel Density Smaller Tanks Higher Range Complex Tank Design and Pressure Mgt. Limited Fuel Storage Time or Lose It Higher Life Cycle Fuel Cost CNG  Lower Operating Range  Refuel More Often,  Local Go-and- Return Applications LNG  Higher Operating Range  Refuel Less Frequently  Long Haul Trucking Applications

Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved 5 GASOLINE LITER EQUIVALENTS Gasoline Liter Equivalents (GLE) Fuel TypeUnit of MeasureBTUs/Unit Liter Equivalents Gasoline (regular) 1 Liter 30,145 - Uncompressed Natural Gas 1 Liter GLE Uncompressed Natural Gas 1 GLE 30,145/32 = 942 L Natural 17 MPa 942 L compressed = 5.8 L of CNG 1 GLE CNG 1 G GLE 5.8 L When you purchase 1 GLE of Natural Gas at-the-pump your purchasing 5.8 L of CNG, which is equivalent to 1 L of Petrol. Automotive Industry - Gaseous CNG sold in: Gasoline-Liter-Equivalents = GLE Equivalents Compare BTU Content per unit of each Fuel Type One (1) GLE Amount of Alternative Fuel to Equal the Energy Content of One (1) Liter of Petrol ITEMZARUNIT Petrol8.20per Liter CNG3.80per GLE Savings4.40per GLE

Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved 6 NGV AROUND THE WORLD 15 Million NGVs Operating Worldwide Almost 20,000 CNG Fueling Stations SA is Ranks 75 with 22 NGVs & 1 CNG FS 24% Avg. Growth Rate of NGVs since 2001 Growth of NGVs is Expected to Continue Impact on Oil Consumption and Emissions

CNG COST CALCULATOR Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved 7

8 Time-Fill Slow Fill Times Small Go-and-Return Fleets Sit Idle Overnight Small Capacity Compressors $450,000 ( 20 GGE/hr; 0.33 GGE/min) Fast-Fill Rapid Refueling Large Fleets Short Fueling Turn-around Time High Capacity Compressors $1 million ( 5 GGE/minute; 300 GGE/hr) CNG station cost goes up as filling times go down more compression and staging required to fill vehicles. Time Fill most economic for fleets where fueling time is not critical Fast-fill makes sense for public access, and large fleets (transit, refuse, etc.) Home fill units for the homeowner with one or two NGVs. CNG REFILLING STATIONS

CHALLENGES Where’s the Gas Sufficient Price Spread High Front-End Capital Cost Infrastructure 9 Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved

THANK YOU Copyright TBD America, Inc. All rights reserved 10 Barry Stevens, PhD President TBD America, Inc.