LIFE TCY 98/CY/167 Integrated Control of Industrial Pollution and Chemical Substances in Cyprus VOC EMISSIONS By: Dr. Stelios Georghiades Labour Inspection Officer Department of Labour Inspection

VOC Emissions Establishment of an integrated management system concerning VOC emissions according to EU Directives

Definition of VOC According to 1999/13/EU –Any organic compound having at 293,15K a vapour pressure of 0,01 kPa or more

Sources of VOC Emissions Petrol storage & distribution Motor vehicle exhausts Evaporative emissions from cars Solvent usage Industrial processes

Concern about VOC Stratospheric ozone depletion Ground level ozone formation Human health effects Enhancing greenhouse effect Accumulation and persistence in the environment

EU Directives 1994/63 on the control of VOC emissions resulting from the storage and distribution of petrol 1999/13 on the limitation of emissions of VOC due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities & installations

Directive 1994/63 Storage installations at terminals Loading and unloading of mobile containers at terminals Mobile containers Loading into storage installations at service stations

VOC emissions from storage and distribution of petrol TerminalsStationsTotal Emissions (tonnes/ 1999)

Directive 1999/13 Purpose: To prevent or reduce the direct and indirect effects of emissions of VOC Note: The Directive limits emissions of solvents, NOT their use

Directive 99/13 - Activities Coating Use –Vehicle refinish –Coil coating –wood coating –leather coating –coating of winding wire

Directive 99/13 - Activities Printing and adhesive –printing –footwear production –wood / plastic lamination –adhesive coating

Directive 99/13 - Activities Other activities –surface cleaning –dry cleaning –wood impregnation –coating manufacture –rubber conversion –vegetable oil extraction –pharmaceutical manufacture

Directive 99/13 - Methodology Bottom up –Emission = emission factor x activity statistic Top down –Emission = (Imports - Exports) x emission factor

Manufacture of coating preparations Top down method Investigated 5 major industries Three industries covered by 99/13 Total VOC emissions for 43 solvents –per industry –per district

Manufacture of coating preparations Imports (tonnes- 1999) Exports (tonnes ) Emissions (tonnes )

Coating preparations - emissions / district Nicosia (tonnes ) Limassol (tonnes ) Larnaca (tonnes ) Paphos (tonnes ) Ammochostos (tonnes )

Dry Cleaners - Bottom up method TypeNo Open system89 Closed system60

Dry Cleaners - Bottom up method Solvent Emissions (tonnes ) White spirit150 Perchloroethylene50

Conclusions Complexity of a VOC emissions register Registry of VOC emissions in Cyprus

Total Emissions of VOC Source Emissions (tonnes-1999) Petrol 718 Solvents1477 Refinery 36 Dry cleaning 200 Printing 130 Total 2561

Future plans Identify all VOC emission sources VOC emissions inventory by species

Acknowledgements All companies that provided data All my colleagues who contributed towards this project