NAAC/CMA DVD Available Tony Myhra - (800)346-7237 www.cryotech.com NAAC/CMA DVD Available

Deicing Chemicals Available Sodium chloride Magnesium chloride Calcium chloride Potassium chloride Combinations of all of the above Some with inhibitors packages Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) Potassium acetate (CF7) Anhydrous sodium acetate (NAAC)

Sodium Chloride NaCl Eutectic temperature - -6°F (-21°C) Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C) Eutectic temperature - -6°F (-21°C) Granular - Solid crystal in form Can be liquefied to a 23% solution Rate of application – 200-500#/LM Can be mixed with abrasives Most common deicer

Magnesium Chloride MgCl2 Working temperature - + 5°F (-15°C) Eutectic temperature - -28°F (-33°C) Granular – hydroscopic Liquid to a 25% - 35% solution Rate of liquid application – 15-35 GAL/LM Deice – anti ice - prewet Aggressive corrosion Requires periodic agitation weekly or daily

Calcium Chloride CaCl2 Working temperature - -25°F (-31°C) Eutectic temperature - -51°F (-45°C) Pellet, flake, granular - hydroscopic Liquid to a 25% - 35% solution Rate of liquid application– 15-25 GAL/LM Deice – anti-ice – pre wet Requires daily agitation Aggressive Corrosion Hard on leather shoes and gloves

Potassium Chloride KCl Working temperature - +25°F (-4°C) Eutectic temperature - +5°F (-15°C) Solid crystal in form Rate slightly higher than NaCl Deicer– mostly commercial use

Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C) Eutectic temperature - -18°F (-28°C) Pelleted - Liquid to a 25% - 30% sol Rate of liquid application – anti-icing-15-25 GAL/LM –Deice – 25-60 GAL/LM (.5-1 gallon/1000 Ft²) Rate dry – 200-400# LANE MILE (10-25#/1000 FT²) Deice – Anti-ice – Pre wet sensitive areas Agitation of liquid prior to loading Contains no chlorides Safest deicer for new concrete

CMA 40 Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C) Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C) Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C) 40% CMA – 60% Sodium Chloride Spread – Same as rock salt - 200# - 500# LANE MILE Used to prevent spalling Used only where there is no steel in reinforced concrete. Lower cost deicer.

Anhydrous Sodium Acetate (NAAC) Working temperature - + 0°F (-18°C) Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C) Pelleted only Spread – 200# - 500# LANE MILE 7-20# per 1000 Ft² Deicer – contains no chloride Used in salt sensitive areas – airport runways, bridges, parking garages, doorways, sidewalks, etc.

Potassium Acetate Based (KAC) CF7 Working temperature - -26°F (-32°C) Eutectic temperature - -76°F (-60°C) Liquid – 50% solution Rate of liquid application – 15-3O GAL/LM .5 to 1 gallon per 1000 Ft². Deice – anti-ice – pre wet No agitation – indefinite storage life Contains no chloride Ideal for Fixed Anti-icing Spray Technology (FAST)

Hidden Costs of Deicing Cost of salt Purchase price Storage Labor Equipment Corrosion to structures and vehicles Cost of sand Purchase price Storage Labor Equipment Clean up Lawsuits

Water quality Accidents Delays Lost business Lost production Other Hidden Costs Cost to public if we don’t deice. Accidents Delays Lost business Lost production Environmental concerns Water quality Chlorides Damage to vegetation and soils Air quality PM10 Sand siltration

Federal Highway Administration Search for chloride salt alternatives Environment Performance Low Corrosion

CMA, NAAC & CF7 The Problem Solvers

Chemical formula…CH3COO- Low corrosion Low toxicity Biodegradable Acetate Ion Chemical formula…CH3COO- Low corrosion Low toxicity Biodegradable Long lasting effect

Raw Material for Acetates Acetic Acid Acetate ion Found in vinegar pH changed when reacted base materials Biodegradable

Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) Ca3Mg7(CH3COO)20 Acetate Deicers Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) Ca3Mg7(CH3COO)20 Potassium acetate (KAc) CH3COOK Anhydrous sodium acetate (NaAc) CH3OONa

Calcium Magnesium Acetate Dolomitic lime + acetic acid yields Ca3Mg7(C2H3O2)20

Calcium Magnesium Acetate Since 1979 Environmentally safe Low corrosion Safe for concrete Effective performance Residual effect Stores well Biodegradable Low toxicity Costs more to make!

Cryotech NAAC Solid Runway Deicer 97% Anhydrous Sodium Acetate + <1% corrosion inhibitors CH3COO- + Na+

97% Anhydrous Sodium Acetate Since 1997 Environmentally safe Low corrosion Effective performance Approved for airports Residual effect Stores well Biodegradable Low toxicity Costs more to make!

CF7 Liquid Deicer Potassium Acetate-Based Acetic Acid + Potassium Hydroxide yields Potassium Acetate + Water (plus proprietary corrosion Inhibitors) HC2H3O2 + KOH => KC2H3O2 + H2O

Problem Solver Environment Anti-icing and Deicing New bridges, Chloride Contaminated bridges Sidewalks, Doorways & Parking Structures Blending/Inhibitor Fixed anti-icing spray technology (F.A.S.T.)

Understanding Deicers Must know how to use deicers Effectively and how they work.

What Is Anti-Icing? Anti-icing is a snow and ice control measure to prevent a strong bond between frozen precipitation or frost and a pavement surface by timely application of a chemical freezing point depressant. Proactive approach.

Anti-icing Expectations Snow more easily removed Ice may not form or remain slushy Lower chemical usage Shoveling, plowing, brooming required Lower equipment maintenance costs

What Is De-Icing? De-icing is an measure where a deicer is applied to the top of an accumulation of snow, ice or frost that is already bonded or formed to the pavement surface. Reactive approach.

Using the right equipment For effective snow & ice control

New Bridges, Parking Garages, Elevated Walkways CMA/NAAC/CF7 – “The problem solver”

FHWA - CMA Study Conclusions Concrete w/o rebar Little weight loss or spalling Concrete with rebar No damage 4 Year study Non-metallics Little affect CMA – “The problem solver”

Costs of Using Chloride Based Deicers Cost of new construction - $20,000-$24,000/Space Cost to repair chloride damage $3000-$4000/space Cost of lost revenue while out of service? Cost of inconvenience to customers. Cost of demolition Cost of liability and insurability Can’t afford chloride deicers damage from $50/space of salt over a 20 year period

CMA Effect on Chloride Contaminated Concrete The Danish corrosion centre, 1990 “CMA…seems to delay the onset of corrosion.” BP research centre, 1989 “Changing…to acetate deicer decreases the corrosion rate of steel…by more than a factor of ten.”

Corrosion Retardation

Effect of Deicers on Concrete Spalling of Non Air-Entrained Structural Concrete Dept of Transport, UK, 1993

Concrete Spalling

Acetate Deicers Summary of Options Direct application With chloride deicers With sand Liquid deicer Liquid anti-icer Liquid pre wetter

Cargill SafeLane™ Polymer Overlay – Product Profile SafeLane Surface 3/8” Thickness 4 lbs./ft2 Concrete – 12.5 lbs/sf per inch thick Asphalt – 14 lbs/sf per inch thickness Existing substrate SafeLane can be installed on concrete, asphalt, FRP, steel or wood Concrete – 12.5 lbs/sf per inch; Asphalt – 14 lbs/sf per inch 37

Deicing Chemicals Review Sodium chloride Magnesium chloride Calcium chloride Potassium chloride Combinations of all of the above Some with inhibitors packages Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) Potassium acetate (CF7) Anhydrous sodium acetate (NAAC)

Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C) Eutectic temperature - -18°F (-28°C) Pelleted - Liquid to a 25% - 30% sol Rate of liquid application – anti-icing-15-25 GAL/LM – Deice – 25-60 GAL/LM Rate dry – 200-400# Lane Mile (10-25#/1000 Ft²) Deice – Anti-ice – Pre wet sensitive areas Agitation of liquid prior to loading liquid. Contains no chlorides Safest deicer for new concrete

CMA 40 Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C) Working temperature - + 20°F (-7°C) Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C) 40% CMA – 60% Sodium Chloride Spread – 200#-500# LANE MILE (10-25#/1000 Ft²) Used to prevent spalling Used only where there is no steel in reinforced concrete. Lower cost deicer.

Anhydrous Sodium Acetate (NAAC) Working temperature - + 0°F (-18°C) Eutectic temperature - -8°F (-22°C) Pelleted only Spread – 200#-500#/Lane Mile (7-20#/1000 Ft²) Deicer – contains no chloride Used in salt sensitive areas – airport runways, bridges, parking garages, doorways, sidewalks, etc.

Potassium Acetate Based (KAC) CF7 Working temperature - -26°F (-32°C) Eutectic temperature - -76°F (-60°C) Liquid – 50% solution Rate of liquid application – 15-3O GAL/LM .5 – 1 gallon per 1000 Ft² Deice – anti-ice – pre wet No agitation – indefinite storage life Contains no chloride Ideal for Fixed Anti-icing Spray Technology (FAST)

Potassium Acetate Based (KAC) CF7 Working temperature - -26°F (-32°C) Eutectic temperature - -76°F (-60°C) Liquid – 50% solution Rate of liquid application – 15-3O GAL/LM .5 – 1 gallon per 1000 Ft² Deice – anti-ice – pre wet No agitation – indefinite storage life Contains no chloride Ideal for Fixed Anti-icing Spray Technology (FAST)

Acetate Deicers Summary of Options Direct application With chloride deicers With sand Liquid deicer Liquid anti-icer Liquid pre wetter

Options for Parking Garage Longevity Good Design Good Construction Materials Good Drainage Good Sealers/Membranes - Waterproofing Continuous Maintenance Practices Avoid Chloride Deicers Use Non-Chloride Deicers like NAAC, CMA & CF7

NAAC/CMA DVD Available Questions? Tony Myhra - (800)346-7237 www.cryotech.com NAAC/CMA DVD Available