Název projektuModerní škola Registrační číslo projektuCZ.1.07/1.5.00/ Název aktivity III/2 Inovace a zkvalitnění výuky prostřednictvím ICT Název vzdělávacího materiáluReálie Číslo vzdělávacího materiálu VY_32_INOVACE_05_16 – United Kingdom Jméno autoraJaroslava Čejková Tegerová Název školy Střední škola živnostenská Sokolov, příspěvková organizace „EU peníze středním školám“

of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom

Many people do not know what the difference between Great Britain and the United Kingdom is. Great Britain is the name of the largest British Isle, where England, Scotland and Wales are located. The United Kingdom includes all four parts -England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, as well as about 800 small islands surrounding Great Britain.

Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the UK, is located in the West Grampians which is a part of the Scottish Highlands. The Cambrian Mountains, in Wales, is a source of the longest British river – the Severn. Except for the Thames, which goes through London, there are other important rivers e.g. the Mersey flowing through Liverpool and the river Clyde in Edinburgh. The British Isles are generally rich in water resources – rivers, streams, as well as lakes. Loch Neagh is the largest – not only in Northern Ireland but in the UK, too. Scotland`s largest lake is called Loch Lomond. Lake Windermere, the largest lake in England, is very popular with tourists in the Lake District. From a geological point of view, the British Isles are mostly hilly. The Pennines runs through a considerable part of England.

Ben Nevis (1344 m) In winter, this place is a favourite ski resort.

The Tower Bridge One of the famous landmarks over the river Thames in London was opened on 30 June, A hydraulic system raises the jibs in the middle of the bridge so that big ships have access to the Port of London.

Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument dating from 2000 – 3000 BC. The remains of a ring of standing rocks were added to the UNESCO list in This sacred place was built with two kinds of stones, which were brought from stone-pits hundreds of miles distant Stonehenge is about 8 miles from Salisbury, in the county of Wiltshire. At the time of Solstices, Celtic rituals take place here.

The Edinburgh Castle, Scotland The Edinburgh Castle is considered to be the most haunted castle in Scotland. It was built on the top of an extinct volcano in the 12th century. The legend says, there is a secret passage leading from the castle down the Royal Mile and finishes at the Holyroom House so that the Royal family could escape to a safe place. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland.

Giant‘s Causeway, Northern Ireland The Giant‘s Causeway is an area of basalt columns in Northern Ireland as a result of volcanic activity. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in Every year a large number of tourists visit this place. A similar basalt formation is possible to see in Rotava, 10 km far from Sokolov or Kamenický Šenov in Č R.

Shakespeare‘s Birthplace, Stratford on Avon Stratford on Avon in Central England is one of the most popular tourist destinations and about 3 million tourists from all over the world visit every year. Visitors are interested in Shakespeare‘s birthplace (in the picture), Anne Hathaway's Cottage at Shottery and Stratford's Swan Theatre. All year round, every evening, you can see one of Shakespeare‘s plays. If you decide to stay over night in a hotel, your rooms will not be numbered, but named after Shakespeare‘s characters.

Cardiff Cardiff is the capital and the largest city of Wales. In 1081 William I, King of England, built the castle where an old Roman fort stood before. Cardiff Bay played an important role in the city`s development. From this place coal from South Wales was exported to the rest of the world. The Pierhead Building, built in1897, (the red one in the photo) is an iconic landmark of Cardiff Bay.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland… … is divided into four parts with these capitals: ENGLAND – London SCOTLAND – Edinburgh WALES – Cardiff NORTHERN IRELAND – Belfast The flag – Union Jack- was put together from English, Scottish and Irish crosses. St. George Cross St. Andrew Cross St. Patrick Cross Flag od Wales

The political system in the UK is called a „constitutional monarchy“. The head of the country is Queen Elizabeth II, who celebrated her „Diamond Jubilee“ in It means, 60 years on the throne. Her portrait is on banknotes and stamps.

Buckingham Palace, home of the Royal Family and 10 Downing Street, the seat of the British Prime Minister, are the most important addresses in London.

The National Park Lake District is located in the North-West of England. Beautiful lakes and valleys offer an amazing view of the landscape. This area is connected to some poets e.g. William Wordsworth and the writer and painter of children‘s books, Beatrix Potter.

Loch Ness is a deep and the second largest freshwater lake in Scotland. It is said, that the pre-historic monster „Nessie“ lives in the lake‘s depth. The Gaelic word „loch“ means „lake“ in English. On the bank there is a ruin of Urquhart Castle, which played a role in the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century.

Liverpool … … is on the river Mersey. It is the hometown to the pop group „The Beatles“. The city is home to two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool F. C. and Everton F. C. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks.

York is a city in the north of England, and the capital of the county of Yorkshire. The Jorvik Museum depicts the Viking origin of the city. The cathedral, which you can‘t miss, is called York Minster. York is also the hometown of the novel character, Robinson Crusoe.

Nottingham and Sherwood are localities in the East Midlands in England. The city is linked to the legendary Robin Hood. The city is known for lace-making, tobacco and the bicycle industry.

Comprehensive questions 1. Describe Great Britain‘s surface. 2. What is the highest mountain of the UK and where is it located 3. Name at least three UK rivers and say what cities they flow through. 4. What can you say about Stonehenge? 5. What is the basalt formation in Northern Ireland called? Where can you see similar ones in the Czech Republic? 6. Except for the Nessie Monster, what else can you say about Loch Ness? 7. What city is the birthplace of „The Beatles“? For which other reason(s) is it an important city? 8. What is the origin of the city of York? Whose adventures started there? 9. What legendary character is Nottingham linked to?

Sources  AUTOR NEUVEDEN. Loch Ness [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW:  AUTOR NEUVEDEN. Liverpool [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW:  AUTOR NEUVEDEN. Lake District [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: NEUVEDEN. Tower Bridge [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: hhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Bridge  AUTOR NEUVEDEN. Stonehenge [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW:  AUTOR NEUVEDEN. Edinburgh Castle [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW:  AUTOR NEUVEDEN. Giant's Causeway [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: