Advanced LABVIEW EE 2303

Overview Of Presentation Introduction to Probability Keywords in Probability Sample Problems in Probability Overview of Experiment Summary

What is Probability??? Probability is a measure of “how likely an event is to happen”. Mathematical Expression: Number of Favorable outcomes Total Number of possible outcomes

Example Tossing a coin: Probability of getting an HEAD= ½ Probability of getting a TAIL=1/2

KEYWORDS IN PROBABILITY An experiment is any process that generates well-defined outcomes. The sample space for an experiment is the set of all experimental outcomes. An “Event” is an element of the sample space, any one particular outcome.

Tossing a Die Events: Sample space: S ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} S 1 2 5 6 3 Some graphic screen captures from Seeing Statistics ® Some images © 2001-(current year) www.arttoday.com 

FACTS ABOUT PROBABILITY Permissible values for Probability: 0- 1 Probability of an Impossible Event = 0 Probability of Sure Event = 1 Probability of Event not happening = 1 – probability (event happening) Probability (“Event happening at least once) = 1- probability ( event not happening)

Sample Problems Experiment: Rolling a die Sample Space: S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Probabilities: Each Event has a 1/6 chance of occurring.

Example Toss a fair coin twice. What is the probability of observing at least one head? HH HT TH TT ANSWER : Probability (at least 1 head) = 3/4 Some graphic screen captures from Seeing Statistics ® Some images © 2001-(current year) www.arttoday.com 

Hints for Pre lab…. When experiment is performed “n times”… (Probability of event happening)n.. [note: for event to occur successively] Probability of Event not happening = 1 – probability (event happening) Probability of Event happening at least once = 1- prob (event not happening)

Working in the Diagram Draw a For Loop Draw a Case structure Functions  Structures  For Loop Draw a Case structure Functions  Structures  Case

Adding More to Diagram Add a shift register Add 2 addition boxes Operate Value tool Right Click on edge of For Loop Select Add Register Add 2 addition boxes Add division box

Adding More to Diagram Add Random Number Add Round to Nearest Functions  Numeric  Random (0-1) Add Round to Nearest Functions  Numeric  Round to Nearest

Adding More to Diagram Add Equal box Add Wait box Functions  Comparison  Equal? Add Wait box Functions  Time & Delay  Wait (ms)

Need Some Constants Add constant of value 100 to Wait (ms) Add constants of value 1 to Both additions Shift Register Add constant of value 0 Equal box

Need Some Wire Wire the circuit up as shown Change the case to “True” Wire the tunnels through the Case structure Of “True” case

Run the Simulation Return to Front Panel Change to Operate Value Tool Choose a number of trials “Run simulation once”

Summary Probability… Overview of Experiment.. Hints to Pre lab…